Carbohydrates
What elements are Carbohydrates made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
What elements are Lipids made of?
Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen, with large amounts of Carbon and Nitrogen with little Oxygen.
What elements are Proteins made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.
What elements are Nucleic Acids made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.
What is a monomer?
A monomer is a molecule which can bond with other identical monomers to create a polymer.
What is the name for a Carbohydrate's monomer?
Monosaccharide.
Do Lipids have monomers?
No, Lipids have no true monomers (Fatty Acid + Glycerol).
What is the name for a Protein's monomer?
Amino Acid.
What is the name for a Nucleic Acid's monomer?
Nucleotides.
What is a polymer?
A polymer is a molecule created by bonding several monomers together.
What is the name for a Carbohydrate's polymer?
Disaccharide or Polysaccharide.
Do Lipids have polymers?
No, Lipids have no polymers (as they have no monomers to make them with).
What is the name for a Protein's polymer?
Dipeptide or Polypeptide.
What is the name for a Nucleic Acid's polymer?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) or Ribonucleic Acid (RNA).
What occurs in a condensation reaction?
In a condensation reaction, water is taken away to form bonds between monomers.
Give an example of a Carbohydrate.
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, etc.
Give an example of a Lipid.
Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Waxes, Steroids.
Give an example of a Protein.
Hemoglobin, Insulin, Myoglobin, Glycine, Alanine, etc.
Give an example of a Nucleic Acid.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) or Ribonucleic Acid (RNA).
What occurs in a hydrolysis reaction?
In a hydrolysis reaction, water is added during the separation of polymers to form monomers.
What functions do Carbohydrates serve?
They provide a source of energy, and can act as structural material.
What functions do Lipids serve?
They make up the outer layer of a cell, can store energy, and can signal other cells.
What functions do Proteins serve?
They build and repair tissue, and can make enzymes and hormones.
What functions do Nucleic Acids serve?
They store and transfer information as it is needed.
What acronym can you use to help remember the rule for redox reactions?
O.I.L.R.I.G (Oxidation It Loses (electrons), Reduction It Gains (electrons)).