Chemical Bonding
What are the three Types of Chemical Bonds
Metallic, Covalent, and Ionic
If you have the formula CaCl2 what does the "2" represent?
There are 2 chlorine ions
Outer Electrons that are involved in bonding are called what
Valence electrons
Covalent bonding forms __________, while ionic bonding forms ______________.
molecules; compounds
Give # of valence electrons and the ion formed:
Potassium
1, K+
What are anions and cations
anion- negative ion
cation- positive ion
What is a bond called that is formed between positive and negative ions
Ionic Bond
If an atom gains an electron the charge is
negative
When an ionic bond forms between a metal and a nonmetal, the cation is the __________ and the anion is the _____________.
metal; nonmetal
Give # of valence electrons and the ion formed:
Magnesium
2, Mg2+
What type of bond involves transferring electrons
Ionic Bond
What is the octet rule?
An atom must have 8 valence electrons to be satisfied and stable
Is the bond that forms the compound KCl ionic or covalent
Ionic
Name that bond: NaCl
Give # of valence electrons and the ion formed:
Oxygen
6, O2-
What is a bond formed when atoms share electrons
Covalent Bonds
What does "polar" mean when describing molecules or compounds?
There is a positive end and a negative end
Ionic bonds are made up of what type of elements
metals and nonmetals
Name that bond: H20
Water - Covalent
Give # of valence electrons and the ion formed:
Bromine
Br-
An atom that loses an electron become a _______ ion, and an atom that gains an electron becomes a ________ ion.
Positive, Negative
What are two ways atoms can fulfill the octet rule?
transfer by losing or gaining electrons, share electrons
If Sulfur is directly below Oxygen will they have the same amount of valence electrons? If so, how many?
6
Name that bond: KI
Potassium Iodide - Ionic
Give # of valence electrons and the ion formed:
Phosphorus
5, P3-