Bonding Type
What is a chemical bond?
A force of attraction that holds atoms together in a compound.
What types of elements typically form ionic bonds?
Metals and nonmetals.
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
A bond where electrons are shared equally between atoms.
Define electronegativity.
The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond.
What is hydrogen bonding?
A strong dipole-dipole interaction involving H bonded to O, N, or F.
Name the three primary types of chemical bonds.
Ionic, covalent, and metallic.
Positive (cation).
What is a polar covalent bond?
A bond where electrons are shared unequally, creating partial charges.
Which element has the highest electronegativity?
Fluorine.
What type of elements participate in metallic bonding?
Metals.
Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
Covalent bond.
Which compound is ionic: NaCl or H2O?
NaCl.
Which molecule has a polar bond: O2or H2O?
H2O
How is a dipole moment created?
When there is an unequal distribution of electrons in a polar bond.
The elements that participate in H-Bonding?
What are Fluorine, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen?
In which type of bond are electrons transferred from one atom to another?
Ionic bond.
Explain why ionic compounds is stronger than covalent compounds.
Strong electrostatic forces between positive and negative ions require a lot of energy to break.
Why is CO2 nonpolar ?
Because both side of C with O is the same, so they are equal.
Arrange these bonds by increasing polarity: H−H, H−Cl, H−F.
H−H < H−Cl < H−F.
Explain dispersion forces.
Dispersion forces are created when a nonpolar bond induces a temporary dipole.
Describe the electron behavior in metallic bonding.
Electrons form a "sea of electrons" that move freely around positively charged metal ions.
What property of ionic compounds allows them to conduct electricity in solution?
Dissociation of ions in water.
What determines if a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar?
The difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.
Why does electronegativity decrease as you move down a group in the periodic table?
Atoms have larger radii, and the outer electrons are farther from the nucleus, reducing attraction.
Rank these interactions from highest to lowest: Polar covalent,Nonpolar covalent, Hydrogen bonding, Dipole-Dipole, Dispersion forces, and Ionic bonding.
Ionic > Polar Covalent > Nonpolar Covalent>Hydrogen Bond>Dipole-dipole > Dispersion forces