CATEGORY 1: Hemoglobin Function & Oxygen Transport
These are the forward AND reverse reactions of hemoglobin equilibrium
What is...
FORWARD: Hb binding to O2 (forming oxyhemoglobin)
REVERSE: O2 detaching from Hb (separating hemoglobin and O2 molecules)
This term describes a chemical reaction where forward and reverse processes occur at the same rate.
What is dynamic equilibrium?
This principle claims that: if a STRESS is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system will shift in the direction to counteract the change and get back to equilibrium.
What is Le Chatelier's principle/Equilibrium Shift principle?
A way we describe a substance with a high concentration of H+ ions
What is an ACIDIC/LOW pH substance?
True or False: Once equilibrium is reached, reactions stop completely.
What is FALSE?
If a REACTANT is added to a reaction at equilibrium, equilibrium will shift in this direction?
What is shifting FORWARD to the PRODUCTS SIDE?
(equilibrium shifts AWAY from what's ADDED)
The ratio of the concentration of reactants to products at equilibrium.
What is the equilibrium constant (Keq)?
This form of energy is associated with motion and particle movement.
What is kinetic energy?
Muscles produce this gas, and it is also the gas that we exhale.
What is Carbon Dioxide?
These two systems are the reasons we are able to breathe.
What are the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
If a runner's breaths per minute increases with exercise, the hemoglobin equilibrium shifts towards this side of the chemical equation in the MUSCLES.
What is the REACTANTS SIDE?
(muscles TAKE oxygen, a reactant, from oxyhemoglobin, and equilibrium shifts TOWARDS what's taken)
Removing (or taking) product causes equilibrium to shift in this direction of the chemical reaction.
What is the PRODUCTS side?
(equilibrium shifts TOWARDS what's TAKEN)
If heat is added to a system, equilibrium shifts towards the direction of the reaction that can be described this way based on how it behaves with heat.
What is an endothermic reaction (absorbs heat)?
These kinds of reactions can move in either direction and demonstrate that equilibrium can shift but still be re-established.
What are REVERSIBLE reactions?
Even when a reaction looks unchanged, KMT explains that particles are still doing this.
This specific part of the lungs is where gas exchange occurs, and oxygen can enter the bloodstream.
What are the alveoli?
This Theory states that molecules are constantly in MOTION and interacting with each other, even though a system may look like it is not changing.
What is Kinetic Molecular Theory? (KMT)
(even though a system is in equilibrium, there is a constant movement of the forward/reverse reactions happening on a molecular scale)
If the temperature of a system decreases, the equilibrium will shift towards the direction of the reaction that can be described this way based on how it behaves with heat.
What is the direction of the exothermic reaction (releases heat)?
pH stands for this.
What is potential of Hydrogen?
Healthy blood has a pH at this level.
What is neutral to alkaline (~7.3-7.5)?