The Building Blocks
The four elements common to all living things
What is Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon
This makes a solution acid or basic
What is the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)?
Fundamental component of all macromolecules
What is a carbon?
The number of electrons on the outer shell of Chlorine (17)
What is seven?
Different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
What is an isotope?
What are polar and nonpolar?
Type of bonds that form between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms within a water molecule
What are polar covalent bonds?
Organic molecules consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen
What are hydrocarbons?
hydrocarbon rings
What are aromatic hydrocarbons?
Rule that atoms are most stable when they hold eight electrons in their outermost shells
What is the octet rule?
Non-reactive elements
the unit of measurement for the specific heat of water
What is a calorie?
Molecules that have the same chemical formula but differ in placement/arrangement of atoms or types of bonds between atoms
What are isomers?
Share the same chemical structure and chemical bonds but differ in the 3-D placement of atoms so that they are non-superimposable mirror images
What is enantiomer?
Ions or polar molecules that interact well with other polar molecules such as water
What is hydrophilic?
A weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms and slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules
What is a hydrogen bond?
This is water molecules bonding together
What is a cohesion?
Arrangement in which carbons on bound on the same side.
Cis arrangement or structure
The disruption of ionic bonds when when ionic compounds are added to water.
What is dissociation?
Chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges
The subatomic particles and their charge
proton - positive
neutron - neutral
electron - negative
5 properties of water
What are polarity, high heat capacity, heat of vaporization, solvency, cohesion and adhesion.
The polar functional groups
What are Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, and Sulfhydryl
The time it takes for half of Carbon-14 to convert back to Nitrogen-14
5,730 years
Triglycerides with trans double bonds
Saturated fats (trans fats)