Atoms & Elements
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Atom
What is an ionic bond?
A bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms
What is the pH of pure water?
7 (neutral)
What is a carbohydrate?
An organic molecule made of monosaccharides; provides energy
What is a synthesis reaction?
Two or more small molecules combine to form a larger one
What is an element?
A substance made of only one type of atom
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed by the sharing of electrons
What is an acid?
A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H⁺)
What is a lipid?
A hydrophobic molecule made of fatty acids; used for energy storage and membranes
What is a decomposition reaction?
A large molecule breaks down into smaller parts
What subatomic particle has a positive charge?
Proton
What is a hydrogen bond?
A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and a nearby electronegative atom
Whar is a base?
A substance that accepts hydrogen ions or releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻)
What is a protein?
A polymer of amino acids; performs most cellular functions
What is an exchange reaction?
Parts of molecules are swapped to form new molecules
What determines an atom's identity?
The number of protons (atomic number)
Which bond is the strongest in the body?
Covalent bond
What is a buffer?
A solution that resists changes in pH
What is a nucleic acid?
DNA or RNA; stores and transmits genetic information
What is activation energy?
The energy required to start a chemical reaction
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus
What makes water polar?
Oxygen is more electronegative and pulls electrons closer, creating partial charges
What happens when blood becomes too acidic?
Proteins denature and homeostasis is disrupted (acidosis
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What do enzymes do?
Lower activation energy and speed up reactions