Chemical Equations
C8H18 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
What is on the left of the arrow?
What is on the right of the arrow?
What does the arrow mean?
Reactants - left of the arrow
Products - right of the arrow
"Yields" or "Produces" - meaning of the arrow
How would you conserve mass when balancing equations?
Each side of a chemical reaction must have the same number of atoms
Balance this equation:
__NaCl + __F2 --> __NaF + __Cl2
2NaCl + F2 --> 2NaF + Cl2
What is a combination reaction? Provide an example.
A combination reaction or synthesis is when two or more elements combine to form a compound
Example: 2Na + Cl2 --> 2NaCl
What is the chemical reaction for this equation?
__NaCl + __F2 --> __NaF + __Cl2
Single Replacement
C8H18 (g) + O2 (g) --> CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
What do the letters in the parentheses indicate?
They're abbreviations that indicate the state of matter.
What are coefficients?
Numbers placed in front of the reactants and products so that the number of reactant atoms are the same as the number of product atoms.
Balance this equation:
__H2 + __O2 --> __H2O
2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O
What is a decomposition reaction? Provide an example.
A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products
Products can be any combination or elements and/or compounds
Example: 2H2O --> 2H2 + O2
What is the chemical reaction for this equation?
__H2 + __O2 --> __H2O
What do these abbreviations mean?
(g), (l), (s), (aq)
(g) - gas
(l) - liquid
(s) - solid
(aq) - aqueous (dissolved in water)
What is the first rule to balancing equations?
Balance for all elements other than hydrogen and oxygen
Balance this equation:
__CH4 + __O2 --> __CO2 + __H2O
CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + 2H2O
What is combustion and complete combustion? Give an example.
Combustion is a fancy name for burning and it requires a fuel and oxygen.
Complete combustion is combustion of hydrocarbons which is a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen. Complete combustion of hydrocarbons produces carbon dioxide and water.
Example: 2C8H18 + 25O2 --> 16CO2 + 18H2O
What is the chemical reaction for this equation?
__CH4 + __O2 --> __CO2 + __H2O
Combustion
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Matter can't be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
Mass of the reactants should equal the mass of the products
What is the second rule for balancing equations?
Balance for hydrogen, then oxygen
Balance this equation:
__C3H8 + __O2 --> __CO2 + __H2O
C3H8 + 5O2 --> 3CO2 + 4H2O
What is a single replacement reaction? Provide an example.
One element replaces another element in a compound
Example: 2Li + MgCl2 --> Mg + 2LiCl
What is the chemical reaction for this equation?
2Al2S3 --> 4Al + 3O2
Decomposition
BONUS: What is the chemical reaction of this equation?
C8H18 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
Combustion
What is the last rule to balancing equations?
Check to make sure that the number of reactant atoms equal the number of product atoms.
Balance this equation:
ammonium permanganate and potassium oxide yields potassium permanganate and ammonium oxide
2NH4MnO4 + K2O --> 2KMnO4 + (NH4)2O
What is a double replacement reaction? Provide an example.
Two elements exchange places in a compound. Both reactants are aqueous and a precipitate is formed.
Example: AgNO3 + NaCl --> AgCl + NaNO3
What is the chemical reaction for this equation?
ammonium permanganate and potassium oxide yields potassium permanganate and ammonium oxide
Double Replacement