Chemical Reactions
(These go into the reaction)
What are reactants
Property of water that allows it to stick to other substances.
What is adhesion
What is a polar molecule?
Is water a polar molecule?
A polar molecule is a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative.
Water is a polar molecule.
What is to speed up chemical reactions that take place in a cell.
Are enzymes changed by the reactions they catalyze?
What is no. Enzymes are NOT changed by the reactions they catalyze.
The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction are known as:
(these are produced)
What are products.
When water is frozen is expands and becomes _____ dense.
Covalent bond forms a water molecule. Electrons are shared between one atom of oxygen and two hydrogen atoms.
What is another name for an enzyme?
What is catalyst.
Can enzymes be reused after they catalyze a reaction?
What is, yes, enzymes can be reused as they are not changed by the reactions they catalyze.
Chemical reactions involve changes in the chemical bonds that join __________ in compounds.
What is atoms
Tell why water can absorb a lot of heat without changing temperature much. How does this influence the environment?
Water has a high specific heat capacity.
Water's high specific heat capacity helps regulate the Earth's temperature, and is also useful in cars as a coolant.
Explain the sharing of electrons in a polar bond.
In a polar bond, electrons are shared unequally between atoms, meaning one atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly than the other, resulting in a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other.
Enzymes bind to or break molecules called__________.
What is substrate. These substrate are the reactants that are catalyzed by the enzyme.
True or false, Enzymes work best at a specific temperature and pH?
True. Enzymes work best at specific temperatures and pH
The energy that is needed to get a reaction started is called its
What is activation energy.
Describe the relationship between the terms solute, solvent, solution and water.
Solute = substance being dissolved
Solvent = substance doing dissolving.
Solution = solute + solvent.
Water is the universal solvent.
In a water molecule describe the density and distribution of electrons and their effect on the water molecule.
The relative density of electrons in a water molecule is higher around the oxygen atom as compared to the density around the hydrogen atom.
This creates an unequal sharing of electrons. The Oxygen atom has a slightly negative charge and hydrogen has a slightly positive charge.
Thus water is a polar molecule.
Enzymes are catalysts because they _____ the activation energy.
They lower the activation energy.
Chemical reactions involve changes in
Capillary action helps bring water up into the roots. What two properties of water work together in plants to help water work its way all the way up to the branches and leaves.
To get water up to all the branches and leaves, the forces of adhesion and cohesion go to work in the plant's xylem to move water to the furthest leaf.
Capillary action occurs because water is sticky, thanks to the forces of cohesion (water molecules like to stay close together) and adhesion (water molecules are attracted and stick to other substances).
Water molecules are attracted to each other.
What kind of bond holds water molecules to each other?
What are hydrogen bonds. These are weak bond compared to covalent bonds.
Describe the lock and key hypothesis as it relates to enzymes.
Enzymes bind to the substrate based on their complementary shape. Enzymes and substrates fit together at the active side like a lock and a key.
What is denaturation? What causes it?
Denaturation is the break down of enzymes in which they change their shape. They are no longer able to perform their function.
Things that can cause enzymes to become denatures include: temperature and pH change.