relaxers (3)
(lye relaxer) oldest+most common relaxer. the active ingredient is sodium hydroxide with a pH of 12.5-14. made with water, petroleum jelly, mineral oil, and emulsifiers. absorbed by hair proteins, breaks the disulfide bonds, loosens curl
what are sodium hydroxide relaxers (lye-relaxers)?
oily cream used to protect skin and scalp during the hair relaxing process
what is base cream?
measured by mild, regular, and super. the difference of all hydroxide relaxers is the concentration of the hydroxide
what is relaxer strength + formulation?
mild - formulated for fine, color-treated, or fragile hair. does not require hydroxide in high concentration for straightening. for hair that should be handled with care
regular - formulated for healthy hair with wavy to coily textures. this is the most commonly used strength.
super - formulated for maximum concentration to straighten coarse, highly textured hair.
what are thio relaxers?
hydroxide ions; strong alkalis with the pH value of 13. made with sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and guanidine hydroxide. calcium hydroxide is a commonly added ingredient to this relaxer (never used by itself)
what are hydroxide relaxers?
lowers hair+scalps natural pH (optional step)
what is normalizing lotion?
75% of all frizz eliminated when relaxed. the remaining provides body and volume
what are the results for a chemical relaxer?
eliminates 90% of curl, up to 12 weeks of results. contain silicon polymers, amino acids, and formalin (varies)
what are keratin smoothing treatments?
ionic compounds formed by a metal and combined with oxygen (O) and and hydrogen (H). includes sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide (doesn't need to be mixed before application) (lye relaxer/caustic soda)
what are metal hydroxide relaxers?
required; removes relaxer residue. may produce a color change when the hair's own normal pH is restored
what is neutralizing shampoo?
liquid measurement (thickness+thinness)
what is viscosity?
ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfide, and ammonium bisulfite (common active ingredients) commonly used on chemically treated hair
what are low-pH relaxers?
ingredients include lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and guanidine hydroxide. ideal for clients who have sensitive scalps. pH of 9.0-11.0. can sometimes dry-up hair and cause calcium buildup
what are no-lye relaxers?
when hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair, remove sulfur atom from a disulfide bond
what is lanthionization?
what is neutralization?
natural state: disulfide bonds join the sulfur atoms in two adjacent polypeptide chains
thio solution breaks the disulfide bond by adding a hydrogen atom to each of its sulfur atoms
the sulfur atoms attach to the hydrogen atom, breaking their attachment to each other
what is the ATG process?
is already formulated with a protective barrier that melts with body temperature
what are base and no-base relaxers?
acid-alkali neutralization reaction. deactivates residue left in hair and properly acidifies the pH of the hair and scalp
what is hydroxide neutralization?
hazardous gas that secretes from keratin smoothers, also can be seen as: methylene glycol, formalin, methylene oxide, paraform, formic aldehyde, methanol, oxomethane, oxymethylene, morbicid acid, CAS number 50-00-0
what is formaldehyde?