Essential Chemistry
The two phases changes that trip people up: turning directly from a solid to a gas, and from a gas to a solid
What are sublimation and deposition?
The SI base unit for measuring mass
What is kilogram (kg)?
The elements found in Group 1 of the periodic table, known as being soft and violently reactive with water
What are the alkali metals?
The predictable ionic charge formed by Group 16 (chalcogen) elements
What is -2?
The proper systematic name for the covalent compound P₂O₅
What is diphosphorus pentoxide?
The specific temperature and pressure at which gas and liquid phases share the exact same density producing a supercritical fluid
What is the critical point?
The english-to-metric length conversion factor
2.54 cm = 1 inch
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
What are isotopes?
The systematic name for the compound, Al₂O₃
What is aluminum oxide?
The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a chemical compound
What is an empirical formula?
The specific classification for a mixture like sand in water, where particles are present but not truly dissolved, allowing them to be separated via filteration
What is a suspension (or colloid)?
The number of significant figures present in the measurement 0.00250 g.
What is 3?
Group 17 elements, which are all diatomic in their natural elements states and readily form salts
What is halogens?
The only common positively charged polyatomic ion
What is ammonium, NH₄⁺?
The mass in grams of 10 L of wine with a destiny of 0.983 g/mL
According to the Law of Definite Proportions, a given compound always maintains this fixed relationship regardless of sample size
What is the mass ratio between its elements?
The calculated density of an object with a mass of 40.5 g and a volume of 15.0 cm³ reported with the correct significant figures
What is 2.7 g/cm³?
The only two elements on the periodic table that exist as liquids at room temperature
What are bromine (Br) and mercury (Hg)
The chemical formula for the polyatomic ion permanganate
What is MnO₄⁻?
The mass in grams of 0.65 moles of Aluminum Chloride (AlCl₃), given a molar mass of 133.3 g/mol
What is 86.7 grams?
What are allotropes?
The volume occupied by 2500 g silver bar with a destiny of 10.5 g/cm³ reported with the correct significant figures.
What is 238 cm³?
The total number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of chlorine with a mass number of 35
What are 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons?
The correct formula for iron (iii) nitrate
What is Fe(NO₃)₃?
The total mass in grams of 4.0 moles of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), given a molar mass of 180.2 g/mol
What is 720.8 grams?