Particle Theory
Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
Density
Subatomic Particles
Organization and trends of the Periodic Table
100
Matter can either be (x or y)
Pure substance and Mixture
100
Give an example of physical property and a chemical property?
Physical properties: Colour, Odour, Texture, Malleability, Density, Mass, State, Luster, Solubility, Ductility, Malleability, Heat Conductivity, Melting Point, Boiling Point
Chemical Properties: Flammability/Combustibility, Reactivity with Acids, Reactivity with Water, Oxidization
100
What is density?
Density is the ratio of mass to volume measuring the heaviness of substances.
100
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still possesses the physical and chemical properties of that element.
100
Elements in a what of the periodic table have similar physical and chemical properties?
A Group or Vertical Column
200
What are the two subcategories of pure substances and mixtures?
Elements, Compounds, Homogenous Mixtures/Solution, Heterogenous Mixtures/Mechanical Mixtures.
200
Define Physical Property and Chemical Property.
A physical property is a property that can be observed with either one of the five senses or a measuring instrument without changing the composition of matter.
A chemical property is a property that describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes that alter previous substances/ produce new ones.
200
What are the standard units used in measuring mass and volume(For the purposes of calculating density)?
Grams and millilitres or centimetres cubed
200
Write Neon in Standard Notation
20Ne
10
200
What is the periodic table organized by?
It is organized by atomic number or number of protons that determine the identity of the element from least to greatest.
300
What is the difference between a Pure Substance and a Mixture.
A pure substance contains only one type of particle while a mixture contains more than one type of particle.
300
What is a physical change?
A physical change is typically a reversible change of form or state where the composition remains unchanged and no new substances are produced.
300
What is the formula for density?
D = m/V
300
Name the different atomic models and their inventors.
Dalton Model, Plum Pudding Model, Rutherford Model, Bohr Model
300
What are the two factors that determine reactivity?
1. The number of the electron shells.
2. The number of electrons in the valence shell.
400
Recite the seven tenets of particle theory.
1. Anything with mass is made of matter.
2. All matter is made up of tiny particles
3. Each pure substance has it's own kind of particle, unique from the particles of other pure substances
4. Particles attract one another.
5. Particles are always moving.
6. The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move (vice versa).
7. All matter is different.
400
What is a chemical change?
A change in which at least one new substance is formed.
400
How does one measure the volume of an irregular object when calculating for density?
Submerge the substance being measured into a graduated cylinder and solve for the difference in volume.
400
What were the important distinctions of the Dalton, Plum Pudding, Rutherford, and Bohr models.
The Dalton model hypothesized that atoms were indestructible orbs or different sizes called atoms.
The Plum Pudding Model first hypothesized the existence of positively and negatively charged mass integrated like a plum pudding in atoms.
The Rutherford Model first separated the positively charged mass known as the nucleus from the negatively charged mass and introduced the idea that there was much space between the nucleus and electrons.
The Bohr model introduced the idea of electron energy levels. There are rings around the nucleus comprising of electrons with energy that increases as you get farther from the nucleus.
400
What is the magic staircase, metals, non metals and metalloids?
The magic staircase separates the metals and non-metals in the periodic table. Metals are, ductile, malleable, conductive, high melting point, lustrous while non-metals are dull, brittle, have a low melting point, and are poor conductors. Metalloids share properties of both metals and non-metals.
500
What is the difference between an element and a compound and the difference between a mechanical mixture and a solution?
An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down further my physical or chemical methods while a compound contains more than on element and is chemically bonded. A mechanical mixture is a mixture that is not uniform throughout while a solution is uniform.
500
Water and gasoline are both clear liquids at room
temperature. Describe one physical property and
one chemical property that might be used to
distinguish between them.
Physical Properties:
500
28.5 g of iron shot is added to a graduated cylinder containing 45.50 mL of water. The water level rises to the 49.10 mL mark, from this information, calculate the density of iron (rounded to the nearest hundredth)
The density of iron rounded to the nearest hundredth is 7.92
500
Draw a Bohr-Rutherford Diagram of Magnesium
500
What are the four important groups in the periodic table?
Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens and Noble Gasses.
Alkali Metals are shiny, silver metals that have reactivity because of their single electron and their position at the very left of the periodic table. They are often soluble in water.
Alkaline Earth Metals possess many of the same properties that Alkali Metals have but are often insoluble in water.
Halogens are the 17th group and the second most reactive because of their seven valence electrons. These electrons also cause them to be extremely reactive with alkali metals which have one electron for a full valence shell. Their reactivity also makes them very poisonous as they tend to rip atoms rom whatever they want.
Noble Gasses are the 18th and last group of the periodic table. They have 8 valence electrons and a full shell that means they are not reactive and generally don't form compounds.