Isotopes & Ions
What is an isotopye?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differs in mass because they have a different number of NEUTRONS.
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is between non-metal atoms that share electrons to fill their outer most electron shells.
How does the Periodic Table of Elements help you determine the charge of an ion?
It helps because the groups tell you the number of valence electrons.
Why are metals good conductors of electricity?
Because the ELECTRONS are FREE to move easily in a network of the metal atom.
How do metallic bonds share similarities with covalent and ionic bonds?
Both covalent & ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons.
Ionic bonds involve the loss or gain of electrons.
Metallic bonds can form between atoms of the same element.
What is an Ion?
Ions are charged atoms.
What type of elements bond in a covalent bond?
Covalent bonds bond NON-METAL elements together. In other words, it is a bond of non-metals & non-metals.
Which electrons are found on the OUTER SHELL of an atom?
The OUTER SHELL is also called the VALENCE SHELL and so the electrons there are called VALENCE ELECTRONS.
Why are metals good conductors of heat?
Heat is the transfer & measurement of KINETIC ENERGY (or motion) and since electrons already MOVE freely in metallic bonds they transfer heat easy too!
Why do atoms bond together?
Because atoms are ALWAYS trying to reach the MOST STABLE (or lowest-energy) state that they can find.
Which type elements create anions?
Non-metals
Why don't you need to use prefixes when forming ionic bonds?
Because the ionic charges will inform you of the formula/atoms ratio.
What is ionization energy?
It is the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom or molecule.
It takes low energy for metals and high energy for non-metals.
What is a delocalized electron?
It is electrons being able to move freely because it is not connected to a single atom.
What are the key differences between ionic and covalent bonds?
THE KEY DIFFERENCE IS HOW THE ELECTRONS ARE USED!
In ionic bonding it is METAL + NON-METAL, one atom DONATES electrons to the other.
In covalent bonding it is NON-METAL + NON-METAL, the two atoms SHARE electrons.
Which type of atoms create cations?
Metals
What are ionic bonds?
The are bonds formed between metal cations and non-metal anions.
What is electronegativity?
It is the power of an atom in a molecule to attract shared-pair electrons towards itself.
Why are delocalized electrons important in metallic bonds?
Their flowing negative energy bonds the positive metal cations together.
What are metallic bonds bonding together?
In metallic bonding, the electrons are "surrendered" to common pool and then shared by all the atoms in the metal.
How can you determine the charge of an ion?
You determine the charge of an ion by taking the number of electrons and subtracting it from the number of protons.
PROTONS - ELECTRONS = CHARGE OF AN ION
How do ionic bonds form?
They bond due to the attractive force between opposite charges.
What is the atomic mass of an atom and how do you find it?
The atomic mass is the total number of PROTONS & NEUTRONS. To find it, just add the number of PROTONS and the number of NEUTRONS.
PROTONS + NEUTRONS = ATOMIC MASS
What is the difference between ions and isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different mass numbers or neutron numbers.
Ions are atoms of the same element with different charges or electron numbers.
How do metallic bonds form?
The form from the electrostatic attraction between metal cations + delocalized electrons.