Terminology
What is a solvent and a solute?
A solvent is the component in the greatest amount. The solute is the component(s) in the lesser amount.
Generally easy for the general public to understand when making a solution.
% by volume or mass
A chemist mixes 94.4 g of water with 32.3 g of acetone. What is the percent by mass for the acetone?
25.5 %
If I add 25 mL of water to 125 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution, what will the molarity of the diluted solution be?
x=0.13 M
If we use the word component, what does that mean for amounts?
They are all the same amount
What do concentrated and dilute mean?
Concentrated is lots of solute. Dilute is lots of solvent.
Used when it's too small for a % or when you want all the 0's in front.
ppt, ppm, ppb
What is the molarity of a solution that was prepared by dissolving 14.2 g of NaNO3 (molar mass = 85.0 g/mol) in enough water to make 350 mL of solution?
0.447 M
If I add water to 100 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution until the final volume is 150 mL, what will the molarity of the diluted solution be?
x = 0.10 M
What does a suspension mean?
Particles big enough to fall to the bottom are floating in the solvent, like muddy river water
What do saturated and unsaturated mean?
Saturated means you've dissolved the maximum possible for a given temperature. Unsaturated is anything less than saturated.
moles per litter
Molarity
What is the molarity of a solution that was prepared by dissolving 82.0 G of CaCl2 in enough water to make 812 mL of solution?
0.909 M
How much 0.05 M HCl solution can be made by diluting 250 mL of 10 M HCl?
x = 5 x 10^4
To be soluble (what should the solvent and solute be?)
like dissolves like
What does super saturated mean?
More than possible is dissolved in a solution at a given temperature.
moles/total moles
Mole fraction
Determine the molality of a solution of 5 moles of NaCl in 620 g of water.
0.065 m
I have 345 mL of a 1.5 M NaCl solution. If I boil the water until the volume of the solution is 250 mL, what will the molarity of the solution be?
x = 2.1 M
What allows methanol to dissolve in water?
Hydrogen bonding
What is a solution? And an example of a nonliquid solution.
A homogeneous mixture. Examples: Alloys or air
Moles solute/kg solvent
Molality
How many grams of I2 (solute) should be added to 750 g of CCl4 (solvent) to prepare a 0.020 m solution?
3.8 g
How much water would I need to add to 500 mL of a 2.4 M KCl solution to make a 1.0 M solution?
0.70 L
Colligative properties means
Some properties of the solution change depending on the concentration