Matter and Cosmic Events
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
What is matter?
The three particles that make up an atom
What are protons, neutrons, and electrons?
The process of splitting a heavy nucleus into two smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy
What is nuclear fission?
The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation
What is radioactive decay?
The electron configuration of hydrogen
What is 1s1
The three states of matter and give one example for each.
What are solid, liquid, and gas? (Ex: ice, water, oxygen)
Where are protons, neutrons, and electrons located in an atom
What are in the nucleus and orbit the nucleus in electron shells?
The process where two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy
What is nuclear fusion?
Define half-life
What is the time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay?
What element has the electron configuration of 1s2
What is helium?
Describe how matter changes state.
What are processes such as melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation?
How does the atomic number of an element determine its identity
What is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, uniquely identifying an element?
Compare and contrast nuclear fission and fusion.
What processes release energy, but fission involves splitting heavy nuclei, while fusion involves combining light nuclei?
If a radioactive isotope has a half-life of 10 years, how much of a 100g sample remains after 20 years
What is 25g?
What is the noble gas configuration of iron?
What is [Ar] 4s2 3d6
How do supernovas contribute to the creation of elements?
What is dispersing heavy elements into space and providing the raw materials for the formation of planets and stars.
What is an isotope? Give an example.
What are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons? (Ex. Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon)
Explain how nuclear fusion powers the sun.
What is the process where hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium in the sun's core, releasing immense energy that powers the sun?
Describe the different types of radioactive decay
What are alpha decay (emitting alpha particles), beta decay (emitting beta particles), and gamma decay (emitting gamma rays)?
Describe Hund's rule in electron configuration
What is the rule stating that electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy singly before pairing up?
Discuss how cosmic events, such as supernovas, contribute to the creation of elements
What are massive explosions of stars that produce and distribute elements heavier than iron into space, contributing to the chemical diversity of the universe?
Explain how the electron configuration of an atom affects its chemical properties
What determines how atoms interact with each other, influencing an element's reactivity, bonding behavior, and placement in the periodic table?
Explain the concept of a star's death in the context of nuclear fusion.
What is the process where a star exhausts its nuclear fuel, leading to the collapse of its core and explosion as a supernova or implosion as a black hole?
Explain how radiometric dating uses the concept of half-life to determine the age of a sample.
What is measuring the ratio of parent to daughter isotopes in a sample and using the known half-life to calculate the sample's age?
Explain the significance of noble gas configurations in electron configuration notation
What is shorthand notation, indicating that the electron configuration matches that of a noble gas preceding it?