Atomic Bases
What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element?
Atom
What subatomic particle has a positive charge?
Name all group names in the periodic table in order.
1. Alkali metals
2. Alkaline earth metals
3. Transition metals
3A. Boron group
4A. Carbon Group
5A. Nitrogen Group
6A. Chalcogen
7A. Halogen
8A. Noble Gasses
How many electrons can the first energy level hold?
2
Which group in the periodic table contains the noble gases?
Group 18 or 8A
What is the atomic mass of an element?
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
What particle is found in the nucleus and has no charge?
Neutrons
What do elements in the same group have in common?
The same number of valence electrons
What is the electron configuration of oxygen (atomic number 8)?
1s² 2s² 2p⁴
What are the elements in Group 1 of the periodic table called?
Alkali metals
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
Which subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical behavior of an atom?
Electron
What is a period in the periodic table?
A horizontal row of elements
What is the noble gas configuration for calcium (Ca)?
[Ar] 4s²
What is the main difference between metals and nonmetals?
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, while nonmetals are poor conductors.
An element has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35. How many neutrons does it have?
18 (atomic mass - atomic number = 35 - 17 = 18)
Draw the Lewis structure for nitrogen (N).
Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons, and its Lewis structure is represented as "N" with five dots around it.
What does the atomic number of an element represent?
What is one key difference in the electron configuration of transition metals compared to main group elements?
Transition metals have partially filled d-orbitals, while main group elements do not.
Why do elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties?
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons, which determine how they bond and react with other elements.
Chlorine has two main isotopes, Cl-35 and Cl-37. If Cl-35 has a higher abundance, what is the approximate atomic mass of chlorine?
About 35.5
What is the difference between the mass of a proton and an electron?
A proton is much heavier than an electron. Electrons have a very small mass compared to protons and neutrons.
Why are the lanthanides and actinides separated from the main body of the periodic table?
To make the table more compact, as they represent elements with similar properties in f-orbitals.
Which elements have the s orbitals filled as s1 and the d orbitals filled as d5 or d10?
Cu (copper) and Cr (chromium)
Why does copper (Cu) have an unusual electron configuration of [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ instead of the expected [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s², and how does this relate to its chemical properties?
Copper’s electron configuration is unusual because it has a full 3d subshell (3d¹⁰) and only one electron in the 4s subshell (4s¹). This makes copper more stable and allows it to have two common oxidation states: +1 and +2. These oxidation states help copper conduct electricity well and act as a catalyst in chemical reactions.