Alkanes
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What functional group defines alcohols?
Hydroxyl group (-OH)
What is the reaction of alkenes with hydrogen called?
Hydrogenation
Name a common use of alkanes.
Fuels (e.g., methane, propane)
What is the process of converting alkenes to alkanes called?
Hydrogenation
What functional group defines carboxylic acids?
Carboxyl group (-COOH)
What is the product of the combustion of alkenes?
Carbon dioxide and water
Describe the bonding in alkanes.
Alkanes have single covalent bonds (sigma bonds) between carbon atoms.
How do you test for alkenes?
By using bromine water, which will decolorize in the presence of alkenes.
What is a ketone?
An organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) located within the carbon chain.
What is the main product of the reaction between an alkene and bromine?
Dibromoalkane
What is the name of the longest chain in an alkane?
Parent Chain
What are the products when an alkene undergoes oxidation?
Alcohols or ketones (depending on the alkene structure)
What is the difference between aldehydes and ketones?
Aldehydes have the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while ketones have it within the chain.
Describe the reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids.
They undergo esterification to form esters and water.
What are cycloalkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in a ring.
Name a method of producing alkenes from alkanes.
Cracking
What is an ester?
A compound formed from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, characterized by the functional group -COO-.
Explain the mechanism of electrophilic addition in alkenes.
involves the attack of an electrophile on the double bond, leading to the formation of a carbocation intermediate.