Parts of an Atom
Describe how covalent bonding occurs. Use a diagram of H2O to support your answer.
Covalent bonding occurs between two nonmetals. Atoms share a pair of electrons from their valence shell.
The resultant mixture, in liquid state, where a substance has dissolved in a solvent
Solution
For all three subatomic particles describe:
- location
- charge
Proton - inside the nucleus - positive
Electron - orbiting nucleus - negative
Neutron - inside nucleus - neutral
Describe how ionic bonding occurs. Use a diagram of Table Salt (NaCl) to support your answer.
Atoms lose or gain electrons to have a full valence shell. They become positively or negatively charged. Ionic bonding formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Where substances mix together in a solvent to make a solution
Dissolving
The outermost electron shell in an atom AND the particles located on that shell
Valence shell and valence electrons
Describe metallic bonding and how the properties of this type of bonding is useful for energy drink containers.
Between a metal and a metal. Metals are solids, held together in a 3D metal lattice structures of positive ions surrounded by a ‘sea’ of electrons.
These bonds are highly malleable and flexible but are strong. Packaging canbe shaped without breaking.
Dissolves in a solvent
Soluble
What information does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons in a nucleus. This always equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom (not a charged particle).
Describe the properties of glass when used for packaging.
What type of bonding occurs in glass?
How much “stuff” there is in a space
Density
Define ion and describe why this happens.
A positively or negatively charged particle. When the atom gains or loses it's valence electrons the atoms becomes charged. The atom wants to gain or lose electrons to have a full valence shell.
Explain what happens when sodium chloride (NaCl) is dissolved in water.
Interactions between Na and Cl ions are broken.
Interactions between water molecules are broken.
The ions are mixed throughout the water to make a solution.
New interactions between water and Na ion and water and Cl ion are made because Na and Cl can make the right interactions with water.
The likeliness of an atom forming chemical bonds with another atom
Reactivity