Density & Energy
This is the formula for density.
mass divided by volume?
This type of ion has a positive charge.
What is a cation?
The shape of a molecule with 2 atoms bonded and no lone pairs on the central atom.
What is linear?
When the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.
What is equilibrium?
When an acid reacts with a base, these two things are formed.
What are a salt and water?
This form of energy is associated with motion.
Kinetic energy
This type of bond shares valence electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
CH₄ (methane) has this shape and bond angle.
What is tetrahedral, 109.5°?
Adding a product to a system at equilibrium causes the reaction to shift this way.
What is in the reverse direction (toward reactants)?
A strong base is a strong acceptor of this particle.
What is a proton (H⁺)?
This is the amount of energy needed to raise 1g of water by 1°C.
What is a calorie?
These elements tend to gain electrons.
What are non-metals?
H₂O has this shape and the strongest dipole.
What is bent?
Removing a reactant causes the reaction to shift this direction.
What is in the reverse direction?
The theory that defines bases as proton acceptors.
What is the Brønsted-Lowry theory?
This is the SI unit for energy.
What is the joule (J)?
This determines the chemical behavior of an element by influencing how it bonds with other atoms.
What are valence electrons?
This shape has 3 bonding zones and no lone pairs.
What is trigonal planar?
A strong acid differs from a weak acid because it never does this.
What is reach equilibrium (it proceeds 100%)?
The reaction of HCl and NaOH is an example of this type of reaction.
What is neutralization?
This method is used to determine volume by measuring how much water is pushed out.
What is water displacement?
This is the only positively charged polyatomic ion.
What is ammonium?
Lone pairs on the central atom can cause this property in molecules.
What is polarity (net dipole)?
How does increasing temperature affect the equilibrium of an exothermic reaction?
The equilibrium shifts toward reactants to absorb the added heat, decreasing product formation.
This kind of base only partially accepts protons.
What is a weak base?