States of matter
What is kinetic molecular theory?
Attempts to explain the properties of gases
Why do we have low density?
Due to the large amount of space between the particles in the gas.
What is Boyle's law?
P1V1=P2V2
What are intramolecular forces?
Bonds between atoms can be ionic, covalent, or metallic.
What are liquids?
They take the shape of their container but have a fixed volume. Their forces of attraction limit their range of motion.
What is ideal gas?
Imaginary gas that follows many assumptions
What is compression and expansion?
Gases expand to fill their containers. Becomes more dense in a smaller container, less dense in a large container.
What is Charles ' law?
V1/T1=V2/T2
What are intermolecular forces?
Weak attractions between molecules.
What is fluidity?
Less fluid than gases.
How does gas pressure occur?
It occurs because of the collision of gas particles with the walls of their container.
What is diffusion?
As gas particles flow past one another, lighter particles travel more quickly.
What is Gay-Lussac's law?
P1/T1=P2/T2
What are dispersion forces?
A weak force that results from the temporary shift in the density of electrons in electron clouds.
What is viscosity?
The stronger the intermolecular forces, the higher the viscosity; it increases with mass; decrease with temp increase.
What is temperature?
Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles.
What is effusion?
The escape of a gas through a tiny hole.
What is ideal gas law?
PV=nRT
What are dipole-dipole forces?
Attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules.
What is surface tension?
Measure of the inward pull by particles to the interior of a liquid. Stronger attractions mean higher surface tension.
What does absolute zero equal?
-273.15 degrees Celsius.
When does all motion stop?
All motion will theoretically stop at absolute zero.
How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin?
Add 273 to the Celsius.
What are hydrogen bonds?
A special type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs between molecules containing H and either F, O, or N.
What is capillary action?
A movement up a narrow glass tube. Occurs when adhesion (intermolecular) is greater than cohesion (intramolecular).