Chemical Quantities
This unit represents 6.022 x 10²³ representative particles of a substance.
What is a mole
This essential step must be performed on a chemical equation before any stoichiometry can begin.
What is balancing the equation
According to Boyle's Law, if the volume of a gas decreases, this happens to the pressure.
What is it increases
A process that releases heat into the surroundings, often feeling hot to the touch.
What is an exothermic reaction?
The classic Arrhenius definition of an acid says it increases the concentration of this ion.
What is the Hydrogen ion (H^+)
This type of radiation consists of high-energy photons with no mass and no charge.
What is Gamma radiation
To calculate this value for a compound, you sum the atomic masses of all its constituent atoms.
What is molar mass
In the reaction N₂ + 3H₂ -> 2NH₃, this is the mole ratio of Hydrogen to Ammonia.
What is 3:2
This temperature scale, starting at absolute zero, must be used for all gas law math.
What is Kelvin
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
What is specific heat capacity (c)
A Brønsted-Lowry base is defined as a molecule that does this with a proton.
What is accepts a proton
The nuclear process where a large nucleus like Uranium-235 splits into smaller fragments.
What is Fission
The mass in grams of 2.50 moles of O₂ gas.
What is 80.0 grams
The number of moles of H₂ produced when 5.0 moles of O₂ reacts with excess H₂.
What is 10.0 moles
This KMT postulate explains why gases are easily compressed.
What is gas particles are separated by vast amounts of empty space
This Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
What is the First Law?
This is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C.
What is 7.0
This medical technique uses radioisotopes to create images of organs or treat tumors.
What is Nuclear Medicine (or radiotherapy)
The number of molecules found in a 36.04g sample of water (H₂O).
What is 1.204 x 10²⁴ molecules
At STP, the volume of CO₂ produced if 2.0 Liters of CO reacts with excess O₂ (2CO + O₂ -> 2CO₂).
What is 2.0 Liters
Solve for P: The pressure exerted by 0.5 moles of gas in a 10L container at 298 K (R=0.0821).
What is 1.22 atm
This Law of Thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe is always increasing.
What is the Second Law
The correct name for the acid HNO₃
What is Nitric Acid
The missing particle in this equation: 14/6 C -> 14/7 N + ?
What is a Beta particle (or an electron)
This type of formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
What is an empirical formula
The mass of NaCl produced (molar mass: 58.44) when 1.0 mole of Chlorine gas reacts with excess Sodium.
What is 116.88 grams
Solve for V: The volume occupied by 2.0 moles of an ideal gas at STP.
What is 44.8 Liters
The heat (Q) required to raise 100g of water (c=4.184 J/g°C}) from 20°C to 25°C.
What is 2,092 Joules
This term describes an acid that dissociates nearly 100% in water.
What is a strong acid
The percent by mass of Carbon in Methane (CH₄).
What is 74.9% (or ~75%)
This reactant is used up first in a reaction, limiting the amount of product that can form.
What is the limiting reactant
Solve for n: The number of moles in a 2.0 L piston at 300 K and 1.5 atm.
What is 0.12 moles
In a calorimetry experiment, the heat lost by a metal sample is equal to this.
What is the heat gained by the water
The products of a neutralization reaction between HCl and NaOH.
What are Water and Sodium Chloride (H₂O and NaCl)
The molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.5 moles of NaCl in 2.0 Liters of water.
What is 0.25 M
If a reaction's theoretical yield is 50g but only 45g is produced in the lab, this is the percent yield.
What is 90%
Solve for T: The temperature of 1 mole of gas at 2 atm in a 12L container.
What is 292.3 K (or 19.3°C)
This Law defines the concept of temperature by stating that if two systems are in equilibrium with a third, they are in equilibrium with each other.
What is the Zeroth Law
The pH of a solution where [H^+] = 1.0 x 10^-4 M.
What is 4
You need to prepare 500 mL of 1.0 M HCl from a 12.0 M stock solution. This is the volume of stock needed.
What is 41.7 mL
The new volume of a 3.0 L balloon at 1 atm and 300 K if it is moved to 0.5 atm and 200 K
What is 4.0 Liters
The [H^+] concentration of a solution with a pH of 9.
What is 1.0 x 10^-9 M
A compound has an empirical formula of CH₂ and a molar mass of 42.08 g/mol. This is its molecular formula.
What is C₃H₆
This law relates P, V, n, and T using the universal gas constant R.
What is the Ideal Gas Law (PV=nRT)
The formula for the conjugate acid of the base NH₃.
What is NH₄^+
If a solution has a pOH of 3.0, its pH is this value.
What is 11.0