Properties of Matter
Phase Changes
Gas Systems
Atomic Models
Periodic Table
100
Name the 3 states of matter from weakest to strongest
Weakest - gas, liquid, solid- Strongest
100
What are all the phase changes?
Condensation, Evaporation, Melting, Freezing, Sublimation, and Deposition
100
Which one is Dalton's law?
Partial Pressure
ex. (total= pgas1+pgas2+pgas3....)
100
Label the basic things in an atomic structure
Nucleus (protons and neutrons) and electrons...(empty space)
100
What are the rows and columns called?
Rows- periods and columns- groups
200
What is an element?
any substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes
200
Explain and/or draw how the particles move around in liquid, gas, and solids.
200
Boyles Law- A gas occupies 12.3 liters at a pressure of 40.0 mmHg. What is the volume when the pressure is increased to 60.0 mmHg?
(40.0 mmHg) (12.3 liters) = (60.0 mmHg) (x)
x = 8.20 L
200
What is the measure of how much mass is contained in a given unit volume?
Density
200
What increases across a period and decreases down a group?
Ionization Energy
300
What are extensive and intensive properties? Give examples
Extensive properties- changes in matter are observed which depend on the amount of the sample present. (ex. volume, size, weight, and length)
Intensive properties- changes in matter where the amount present does not affect the change observed. (ex. color, odor, luster, melting, and boiling point, specific heat capacity, malleability, ductility, conductivity, density, and pressure.)
300
What is an unusual state of matter found in neon signs?
Plasma
300
Which are the factors that influence the diffusion of the partial pressure system.
1. The magnitude of the pressure gradient.
2. Thickness of barrier (membrane)
300
What is the atomic radius of Potassium?
280 pm
300
The periodic table is organized by group numbers 1-18 and by period numbers 1-7. The group number (1,2,13,14,15,16,17,18) indicate...
the number of valence electrons for the elements within the group.
400
What property measures when a substance changes from its solid state to its liquid state?
Intensive properties
400
Name the type of relationship witnessed between pressure and volume in the graph above
This type of relationship pressure and volume have in the graph is an inverse relationship. This shows an inverse relationship because each time the volume increased the pressure decreased.
400
In the electronegativity trend which gases are excluded?
Noble gases.
400
What was the discovery of Rutherford's Gold foil experiment?
The atom mostly consists of empty space except for the small mass of the nucleus at the center and the electrons orbiting it.
400
Why are columns 10 and 18 a zero?
They have 8 electrons which means they follow the octet rule. Since they follow the octet rule they have 0 electronegativity.
500
A chemist wants to find the density of an unknown substance. He finds the volume of the sample by adding the solid to 50 mL of water. The water threshold now reads 54mL of water. The mass of the solid is 16g. What is the density of the unknown solid?
4g/cm2
500
A balloon is left in the backseat of a car after a birthday party. The car has been sitting in the driveway for over an hour in the scorching heat. At the birthday party, the balloon had a volume of 20 cm3. Hypothesize what the volume of the balloons should be and state the relationship between temperature and volume.
My hypothesis would be that the volume of the balloon would increase even the slightest bit because the pressure inside the balloon can't be changed. Therefore, the volume would increase with the temperature as long as the pressure remains constant.
500
An Italian mobster in a movie drops a body in the ocean. The dead man's last breath was of air at sea level, which has a pressure of 1 atm, and is a temp. of 25oc. Before he was dropped into the ocean his diaphragm(lungs) measure a capacity of 40L. The mobster ties him to a rock and drops him in the ocean. His temperature is 4oc. What is the volume of the air inside of the dead's man lungs (assuming he did not let out his breath before he died)?
Equation- (1atm)(40L)/25oc= 11atm(x)/4oc
Answer- Volume= 0.58 L
(Don't forget the units)
500
What's the difference between a classical and quantum model?
n classical theory, a body always chooses the least action path and there is only one path. In Quantum theory, a particle also always chooses the least action path and it chooses multiple least action paths simultaneously.
500
List elements Iodine(i), Strontium(Sr), Magnesium(Mg), Chlorine(CI). Explain why you listed the elements this way using atomic properties such as atomic radius to explain ionization energy patterns on the periodic table.
(Sr, Mg, I, Ci) The elements on the lower left side have the least amount of ionization energy. Therefore, the first one is going to be Sr followed by Mg because it has a large atomic radius which means the attraction force is going to be weaker. Then Iodine is third because it has many electrons which means a smaller atomic radius and higher ionization energy. This leaves us with Ci having the highest ionization energy.