Atomic Structure
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Who came up with the original design for the periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev
What are two types of chemical bonding?
Ionic and covalent
Name 3 types of radiation
Alpha, beta, and gamma
What is avogadros number?
6.02 x 1023
What are the 3 particles within an atom and what are their charges?
Proton, neutron, and electron.
Positive (+), neutral (0), and negative (-)
How many groups and periods are on the table?
18 groups and 7 periods
Ionic bonding is between?
Metals and Nonmetals
What is radioactivity?
A process by which nuclei emit particles and rays
What is a mole?
A counting unit
What is electron configuration and what is the most stable energy level?
The arrangement of electrons in an atom and the ground state
Name three groups of elements on the periodic table
Halogens, noble gases, transition metals, lanthanides, actinides, alkali metal, alkali earth metals, etc.
What're the two types of covalent bonds?
Polar and Nonpolar
What is transmutation?
The conversion of an atom of 1 element to an atom of another element
How many grams of Au are in 4.0 moles of Au?
788g of Au
What did Rutherford discover when doing his gold foil experiment?
He discovered that an atom's mass is at the center of an atom with its electrons around the outside (tiny, dense, centrally located nucleus)
Who determined the atomic number for each element?
Henry Mosely
What is the formula used for ionic bonding?
1. Write symbol/polyatomic
2. Write oxidation states
3. Cross-over and down (simplify if needed)
Nuclear fission vs. nuclear fusion
Fission: splitting of the nuclei into smaller fragments from the bombardment of neutrons
Fusion: nuclei combine to produce a nucleus of a greater mass
What is the definition of stoichiometry?
The study of the quantitative aspects of chemical reactions
What is the plumb pudding model and who discovered it?
It is electrons located randomly around a positive center and was discovered by J.J. Thompson
What are some properties of metals and non-metals?
Metals Non-metals
- Malleable - Not shiny
- Ductile - Poor conductivity
- High conductivity - Mostly gases ( solids being brittle)
Solve Mg+2 SO4-2
Mg SO4
Chlorine-35 has an abundance of 75% and Chlorine-37 has an abundance of 25%. Find the relative atomic mass.
(75%x35)+(25%x37)= 35.5
Lithium is put into batteries to have a longer charge. How many moles of lithium are in a 150 grams?
21 mol