The Atom
What are the three parts of the atom?
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
The diagonal band on the periodic table separates the table into _____________ and ________________.
Metals and Non-metals.
What kind of bond occurs when atoms share electrons equally?
Non-polar Covalent Bond
Name the following molecule:
CO2
Carbon Dioxide
What shape is the following molecule:
CO2
Linear
What determines an element's atomic number?
Number of protons, neutrons, or electrons (individually)
The vertical collumns of the periodic table are known as __________________.
BONUS (100 pts)
Why are they significant?
Groups (Families)
BONUS (100 pts)
Elements in a group have similar characteristics/properties
What kind of bond forms between metals that creates a sea of electrons, giving metals their malleable and conductive properties?
Metallic Bond
What is the chemical formula for the molecule:
Nitrogen trichloride?
NCl3
What shape is the following molecule:
H2O
Bent
The electrons on the outer shell of an atom's electron cloud (and are responsible for interactions with other atoms) are known as __________________________.
Valence Electrons
In general, this size of elements tend to get ______________ as you move down the periodic table.
BONUS (100 pts)
Why is this significant?
Larger
BONUS (100 pts)
Larger atoms can fit more electrons, and have more flexibility when it comes to the octet rule.
What kind of bond is formed between atoms that share electrons unequally?
Polar Covalent Bond
Name the following molecule:
H2O
Dihydrogen monoxide
What shape is the following molecule:
CH2S
BONUS (200 pts):
PH3
Trigonal Planar
BONUS (200 pts):
Trigonal Pyramidal
Generally, how many electrons do atoms want in their outer shell in order to be "satisfied".
BONUS (100pts) what rule describes this phenomenon (that an element's properties and likeliness to bond is centered around their desire to have a full shell)?
8 electrons
BONUS (100pts) The Octet Rule
What does electronegativity mean?
BONUS (100 pts)
Where would you find the more electronegative elements on the periodic table?
How badly an element wants an electron (how likely they are to gain electrons)
BONUS (100 pts)
Up and to the Right (not noble gases) Fluorine and Chlorine are the most electronegative.
What kind of bond forms when an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are now electrostatically attracted to each other?
Ionic Bond
What is the chemical formula for the molecule:
Dinitrogen pentoxide
N2O5
What shape is the following molecule:
CBr4
Tetrahedral
What is the quickest way to find out how many valence electrons an element has?
Look at the periodic table. Elements in the same group will usually have the same number of valence electrons. (ex. Group 1 has one VE, Group 2 has 2 VE, skipping the transition metals - Group 13 has 3 VE, and so on. Group 18 has 8 VE, with an already satisfied octet, the Noble Gases are very unreactive.)
What group is most likely to ionize and form a cation?
BONUS (100 pts)
What group is most likely to ionize and form an anion
Group 1 - The Alkali Metals
BONUS (100 pts)
Group 17 - The Halogens
What type of bond is the most polar?
Ionic bonds
Name the following molecule:
S3H6
Trisulfur hexahydride
What is VSEPR theory and why is it important?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
It means that lone pairs, while they aren't visible, affect the shape of a molecule because they require more space.