Bonding Basics
This type of bond forms when electrons are shared equally between two atoms.
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
The weakest intermolecular force, caused by temporary electron fluctuations.
What are London dispersion forces?
The shape of a molecule with 2 bonding pairs and no lone pairs (e.g., CO₂).
What is linear?
A molecule with polar bonds but no overall dipole (e.g., CO₂).
What is a nonpolar molecule?
This acid has the formula HClO₂.
What is chlorous acid?
The bond in NaCl involves the complete transfer of electrons, making it this type.
What is an ionic bond?
Water's high boiling point is due to these strong attractions between molecules.
What is hydrogen bonding?
The bond angle in a trigonal planar molecule (e.g., BF₃).
What is 120°?
A trigonal pyramidal molecule that is nonpolar.
What is PH3?
The name for the acid H₃PO₄.
What is phosphoric acid?
Nitrogen gas (N₂) is so stable because it contains this strong type of bond.
What is a triple bond?
This type of force occurs between polar molecules (e.g., HCl and HCl).
What are dipole-dipole forces?
The geometry of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair (e.g., SF₄).
What is see-saw?
The reason O₂ is nonpolar despite being diatomic.
What is "equal electronegativity → equal electron sharing"?
This base with the formula Fe(OH)₃ is named using the stock system.
What is iron(III) hydroxide?
The bond angle in a tetrahedral molecule (e.g., CH₄).
What is 109.5°?
Why oil (nonpolar) and water (polar) don't mix, in terms of intermolecular forces.
What is "oil lacks polarity to interact with water's hydrogen bonds"?
Why H₂O is bent (not linear) despite having only 2 bonds.
What is "lone pairs repel more than bonding pairs"?
Most reactive element
What is fluorine?
The most toxic acid in the world.
What is hydrofluoric acid?
This property determines whether a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar.
What is electronegativity difference?
The order of strength for intermolecular forces (strongest to weakest).
What is hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole > London dispersion?
Why are there two different angles for some bent molecules?
What is Polarity & Hybridization?
The polarity of CH₃Cl (chloromethane) and why.
What is polar due to unequal charge distribution from Cl?
The correct IUPAC name for the compound called “H2S”.
What is hydrogen sulfide.