Nature of Science
Numbers obtained by measuring or counting
What is quantitative data?
States that a nucleus is surrounded by shells of electrons. Each shell holds a different maximum number of electrons
The Bohr model
A group of atoms with an overall charge
What are polyatomic ions?
Increasing temperature increases the reaction rate
How does temperature affect rates of reactions?
The energy of motion
What is kinetic energy?
It describes a tested, highly reliable scientific explanation of events in the natural world that unifies many repeated observations and incorporates well supported hypotheses.
What is a scientific theory?
States that atoms achieve stable electron configuration when they have 8 valence electrons (or 2 valence electrons in the case of Hydrogen)
what is the octet rule
A + X → AX
the emission of radiation from an unstable nucleus
What is Radioactive Decay?
Pascal
What is the SI Unit of pressure?
N x 10^X
How do you calculate scientific notation?
Step 1 | Find the sign of the charge by determining whether protons outnumber electrons or electrons outnumber protons in the ion.
Step 2 | Find the magnitude of the charge by determining the difference between the number of protons and electrons in the ion.
Steps for finding the charge of an ion
has a pH < 7
What is an Acid?
Atomic nuclei splits into two daughter nucleus
What is nuclear fission?
States that for a given mass of a gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas varies inversely (indirectly) with pressure.
Boyle's Law
It is how closely repeated measurements approach one another
What is precision?
The law the states that mass cannot be created or destroyed
Law of conservation of mass
6.02 x 10^23
What is Avogadro’s number?
Electrons absorb enough energy to move them from their ‘ground state’ to their ‘excited state’. Electrons then emit energy in the form of light as they transition from their excited state back to their ground state.
Describe the quantization of energy at the atomic level.
States that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.
Avogadro’s Law
A number between 1 and 10 (but not including 10)
What does scientific notation consist of?
AX + BY → AY + BX
What is the double-replacement reaction equation?
A chemical equation that shows the substances present in the chemical reaction but does not display the ratio of those substances to each other
What is a skeleton equation?
What does the AB Line line represent on a Phase Diagram?
The AB line is the liquid-vapor interface.
States that at a constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of the component gases.
Law of Partial Pressures