Periodic Trends
What are periodic trends?
Periodic trends are patterns in elements on the periodic table.
Sn
Tin
Whom discovered the electron?
J.J. Thomson
What is an anion and cation?
An anion is an ion with a negative charge and a cation is an ion with a positive charge.
An atom with a mass number of 27 has 14 neutrons. What element is the atom?
aluminum
List group names on the periodic table from left to right.
Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, transition metals, Halogens, and Noble Gas.
Na
Sodium
Who created the nuclear theory of the atom?
Ernest Rutherford
What is an isotope?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Is lead a main-group element or a metal?
It is both!
True or False? An element can be both a transition element and a metalloid.
False
Hg
Mercury
What is the periodic law? Whom created it?
When the elements are arranged in order of increasing relative mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically. Dmitri Mendeleev created it.
What is atomic mass?
Atomic mass is the total mass of particles of matter in an atom.
Determine the number of protons and electrons in the S^2– ion.
16 protons, 18 electrons
What are metals vs. nonmetals?
(Location on periodic table and properties)
Metals occupy the left side of the periodic table. They are good conductors of heat and electricity, they are malleable, ductile, shiny, and they tend to lose electrons when they undergo chemical changes.
Nonmetals occupy the upper right side of the periodic table. Nonmetals tend to be poor conductors of heat and electricity, and they all tend to gain electrons when they undergo chemical changes.
Sb
Antimony
List the three parts of the nuclear theory of atom.
1. Most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge are contained in a small core called the nucleus
2. Most of the volume of the atom is empty space through which electrons are dispersed.
3. There are as many electrons outside the nucleus as there are protons inside the nucleus so that the atom is electrically neutral.
What is an amu?
An atomic mass unit is a unit for expressing masses of atoms, molecules, or subatomic particles.
How is the mass of an atom distributed within its volume?
The mass of the atom is concentrated in a small volume in the center of the atom.
Extremely reactive metals are called?
Extremely reactive nonmetals are called?
Alkali Metals are extremely reactive metals.
Halogens are extremely reactive nonmetals.
W
Tungsten
List the three parts of Dalton's atomic theory.
1. Each element is composed of tiny indestructible particles called atoms. 2. All atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties that distinguish them from the atoms of other elements. 3. Atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios to form compounds.
Describe neutrons, electrons, and protons.
(List charge and location in atom)
Electrons are a type of subatomic particle with a negative charge. Located outside the nucleus.
Protons are a type of subatomic particle with a positive charge. Located in the nucleus.
Neutrons are a type of subatomic particle with no charge. Located in the nucleus.
Do Na+ and Mg 2+ or F- and Cl- have the same number of electrons?
Na+ and Mg 2+