Atoms
What are the basic building blocks of matter?
Atoms
What does the Law of Conservation of Mass State?
That mass cannot be created or destroyed
What is an isotope?
An atom with a different number of neutrons
What is Avogradro's number?
6.022 x 1023
How many atoms are in 1 mole?
6.022 x 1023 atoms
Which particle is positively charged and where is it located?
Proton and in the nucleus
What does Coulomb's Law state?
that the closer two charges are the greater the force between them, whether that is repelling similar charges or attracting opposite charges
How many neutrons are in an atom with an atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 23?
10 neutrons
23 - 13 = 10
How do we find the amount of grams in one mole?
By looking at the molar mass on the periodic table
(2 x 6.941 g) + (32.065 g) = 45.947 g
Which particle is negatively charged and where is it located?
Electron and outside the nucleus/in the electron cloud
What does the Law of Definite Proportions state?
that two samples of a given compound are made up of the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass regardless of the sizes or sources of the samples
How many neutrons are in this isotope?
2811Na
17 neutrons
28-11 =17
How many total moles of atoms are in 1 mole of CaF2?
1 mole Ca + 2 moles F = 3 total moles
How many grams are in 5.0 moles of H2O?
5.0 moles x 18.016 g/1 mole = 90. g
Why are neutrons important in atomic nuclei?
They add space between the protons to prevent them from repelling each other
What does the Law of Multiple Proportions state?
that if two or more different compounds are composed of the same elements, the ratios of the masses of the elements are always ratios of small whole numbers
How do we name isotopes?
For example, if we had an atom of Hydrogen with 1 neutron and 1 proton, what would be the isotope name?
By the element and mass number
Hydrogen-2
(add 1 proton and 1 neutron to get mass number)
How many total moles of atoms are in 1 mole of Al2O3?
2 moles Al + 3 moles O = 5 moles total
How many molecules are in 2.5 moles of Ca(OH)2?
2.5 moles x 6.022 x 1023 molecules/1 mole =
1.5 x 101 molecules
Calculate how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in Fe (check the periodic table)
26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons
atomic number = 26
mass number = 56
What are the 5 principles of Dalton's Atomic Theory, and which 2 are still in use today?
All matter is composed of atoms, which cannot be divided into smaller parts
All atoms of the same element are identical
Atoms from different elements are different (still in use today)
Atoms combine in whole number ratios to form compounds (still in use today)
Atoms cannot be created or destroyed
What is the name of this isotope?
7030Zn
Zinc-70
What is a mole?
The number of atoms in 12 g of Carbon-12
How many grams are 1.81 x 101 molecules of KCl?
1.81 x 1024 molecules x 1 mole/6.022 x 1023 = 3.01 moles
3.01 moles x 74.551 g/1 mole = 224 g