Ions
What is an ion?
An atom that has lost or gained electrons and is now charged
A compound made of one metal and one nonmetal is called a binary _______
Salt
Ionic compounds are always ______ at room temperature
Solids
What are the rules for naming ionic compounds?
First element has its full name
Second element has its root name plus "ide"
If it's a transition metal, you need to put the charge in roman numerals
What are the steps for writing compounds?
1. Find the element symbols and charges
2. Balance the charges so that the whole compound has a charge of 0
What is a cation?
An atom that has lost electrons and now has a positive charge
What is the smallest repeating unit in an ionic compound?
The unit cell
Ionic compounds are hard and _________
Brittle
What are polyatomic ions?
What does "ite" and "ate" mean in polyatomic compounds?
"Ite" means there is less oxygen
"Ate" means there is more oxygen
What is an anion?
An atom that has gained electrons and now has a negative charge
What affects the size of the unit cell?
The ratio and sizes of the ions
When __________, ionic compounds conduct electricity
melted/dissolved in water
What is the name for K2Se?
Potassium Selenide
What is the formula for Copper (II) Bromide?
CuBr2
What types of elements form cations?
Metals
Why is the lattice energy so important?
It pays for the energy needed in the first few steps of ionic compound formation
Ionic compounds have high or low melting and boiling points?
High
What is the name for Ca(OH)2?
Calcium hydroxide
What is the formula for Magnesium Phosphide?
Mg3N2
What types of elements form anions?
Nonmetals
List the four steps in order for the formation of ionic compounds
1. The atoms change forms into a form that can readily gain or lose electrons (uses energy)
2. The cation is formed when an atom loses an electron (uses energy)
3. The anion is formed when an atom gains an electron (releases energy)
4. The cation and anion become attracted and bond, releasing the lattice energy
Explain why ionic compounds are hard and brittle
They are hard because the attraction between anions and cations is strong and the bond is made up of thousands of these ions, making it hard to break and the material able to resist a lot of force.
They are brittle because if you hit the material with enough force, it will shift the whole row of ions, causing the positive ions to be next to positive ions and the negative ions to be next to negative ions, resulting in them repelling and cracking the material apart.
What is the name for Fe3N?
Iron (I) Nitride
What is the formula for Manganese (IV) Carbonate?
Mn(CO3)2