Basics of
Chemical Structure
Chemical Structure
Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)
What is Matter?
A type of change in the form or physical properties of a substance
What is physical change?
A stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances
What is a Solution?
Substances that allow oil and water to mix or emulsify
What are Surfactants?
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge
What is an Ion?
The simplest form of chemical matter and contains only one type of atom.
What is an Element?
A chemical combination of matter in definite (mixed) proportions
What is a pure substance?
The substance that dissolves the solute and makes the solution
What is a Solvent?
The head of the surfactant molecule capable of combining with or attracting water
What is Hydrophilic?
The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
What is Ionization?
The science that deals with composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions
What is Chemistry?
A type of change in the chemical composition of makeup of a substance
What is Chemical change?
Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid
What are Suspensions?
What is an oil-in-water emulsion
Also known as redox; a chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time
What is Oxidation-reduction?
Basic unit of matter, with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons that move around the nucleus in orbits
What are Atoms?
a physical combination of matter in any proportion (combined properties in a mixture)
What is physical mixture?
Mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form solutions
What are Miscible (liguids)?
aka the tail; having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils
What is Lipophilic?
When certain chemical reactions release energy in the form of heat
What is Exothermic Reaction?
A c chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (mixed) proportions
What are molecules?
Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and involve chemical change in a substance
What are physical properties?
Should be used within one year of purchase but can be stable up to 3 years under ideal conditions
What are cosmetic emulsions?
The first surfactants; people started making this about 4500 years ago by boiling oil or animal fat with wood ashed
used to measure the acidity and alkalinity of substances
What is a PH level?