Easy
What is the residue after burning?
Ash
What are the primary human activities contributing to increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Burning fossil fuels, deforestation, industrial processes.
Explain the chemical reactions that lead to the formation of acid rain.
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) released into the atmosphere react with water vapor, oxygen, and other chemicals to form sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3). These acids then dissolve in rainwater, resulting in acid rain.
Explain complete combustion of methane.
When a fuel burns in sufficient supply of oxygen it leads to complte combustion and produces carbon dioxide, water and energy. On complete combustion of methane carbon dioxide, water and energy are produced.
What is the main component released into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels?
Carbon
Describe how global warming can lead to changes in weather patterns.
More heatwaves, extreme rainfall, prolonged droughts.
What are the major harmful effects of burning fossil fuels on human health and the environment?
Burning fossil fuels releases pollutants that can cause respiratory problems in humans and contribute to environmental issues like acid rain and global warming.
Why are people advised to not sleep in a closed room with burning coal?
Insufficient supply of oxygen causes incomplete combustion of coal in closed rooms. It produces carbon monoxide is produced which reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood and leads to suffocation or death of people.So we should keep the door open.
In which unit is a calorific value expressed?
kilojoule per kilogram. (kJ/kg)
What are the effects of sulphur dioxide on human health and the environment?
Respiratory issues, eye irritation, acid rain.
Describe how global warming can lead to changes in weather patterns.
Global warming causes higher temperatures, which can result in more frequent and intense heatwaves. It also alters precipitation patterns, leading to extreme weather events such as heavier rainfall, flooding, and prolonged droughts in different regions.
Why is CNG fuel preferred over diseal and petrol ?
CNG fuel produces Harmful products in less amounts whereas petrol and diseal release harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide.
Which pollutant, emitted from burning fuels, contributes to acid rain?
Sulphur
How can high levels of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in the air affect respiratory health?
Lung inflammation increases asthma and bronchitis.
What are the effects of sulphur dioxide on human health and the environment?
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) can cause respiratory problems, such as asthma and bronchitis, and irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. In the environment, SO2 contributes to the formation of acid rain, which can harm forests, soils, aquatic ecosystems, and man-made structures.
What is fuel efficiency?
The ability of a fuel to produce maximum energy with minimum waste. It depends on many factors such as high calorific value, combustion without residue or ash, proper ignition temperature etc.
What is calorific value?
The amount of heat energy produced by the complete combustion of 1kg of fuel is called the calorific value.
What are the environmental and health impacts of lead compounds released by vehicle exhausts?
Soil/water contamination, neurological damage, developmental delays.
Name all 7 characteristics of an ideal fuel.
1. It should be fairly cheap and easily available.
2. It should be easy to handle, safe to transport, and convenient to store.
3. It should burn smoothly.
4. It should have a high calorific value.
5. It should not burn anything toxic and harmful substances during burning.
6. It should not leave ash(residue) after burning.
7. It should have a proper ignition temperature. It should not be too low or too high like room temperature or high temperature.
What are the uses of fuels ?
Cooking gases such as LPG
For powering vehicles to enable transportation.
To generate electriciy using coal, natural gas and petroleum for homes, offices and industries.
For operating machines in industries that process raw materials.