Ionic
Fill in the blank… The end result of octet rule results in the atom having a ______ valence shell.
Full valence shell
Reason:The octet rule causes the atom to have a full valence shell because that causes the atom to be stable and nonreactive. Besides a few exceptions, a full valence shell is normally 8 valence electrons.
Compare these two substances- SO3^2- and SO₂. Now, analyze which of the compounds contains a polyatomic ion.
SO3^2-
Reason: The name of SO32- is Sulfite; it is a polyatomic ion with a charge of -2. On the other hand the name of SO₂ is Sulfur oxide which is just a regular binary ionic compound.
Given the melting points of these objects which is most likely a covalent bond
Salt- 1,474 F
Chalk- 2,442 F
Lye- 604.4 F
Methane- 295.6 F
Methane
Reason: Covalent compounds have very low boiling and melting points and ionic compounds have very high boiling and melting points, so since methane has the lowest melting point by far, it is the covalent compound in this group.
On April fools day last year, Lisa pulled a prank by putting salt (Sodium chloride) into her sister's water (Dihydrogen monoxide). Yuck! Write an equation that matches the reaction that is taking place?
2NaCl+H2O→ Na2O+2HCl
Reason: The formula for water is H2O and the formula for salt is NaCl so when you add them together. you get Na2o+2HCl. then you have to balance the equation until both sides have equal amounts of each element. This results in having a formula of 2NaCl+H2O→ Na2O+2HCl.
If A= synthesis, B= decomposition, C= single replacement, D= double replacement, and E= combustion, classify the formulas in the correct order.
1. 2C3H8+7O2 → 6CO + 8H2O
2. Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
3. S + O2 → SO2
E, C, A
Reason: 1 is combustion because combustion consists of hydrocarbon, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water. 2 is single replacement because a single metal element is switching places with the metal in a compound to result in a new compound and single element. and finally 3 is synthesis because it is taking two separate elements and combining them into one.
What are the two major components in forming an ionic compound?
A metal cation and a nonmetal anion
Reason: When an ionic bond is formed, the metal gives up electrons making it a positively charged cation. These electrons go to a nonmetal. This causes the nonmetal to become negatively charged, making it an anion.
What unit is molar mass measured in?
g/mol
Reason: The molar mass is measured by the number of grams per mole. A mole is a unit of measurement in the international system of units. 1 mole is equal to exactly 6.02×10²³ particles.
How many lone pairs are there left over in the structural formula of H2O
2
Reason: In the structural formula of H2O, the 2 hydrogen atoms need 2 valence electrons to be stable. Each hydrogen atom shares 2 electrons with the oxygen atom, leaving 4 more electrons to make oxygen stable. So 4 electrons total make 2 lone pairs.
Analyze the formula and determine what needs to be fixed before balancing the equation.
C3H8+O→ CO2+H2O
The single oxygen atom needs a subscript of two after it because it is a diatomic element.
Reason: The reason for this is because oxygen is a diatomic element. This means that these elements can’t stand alone when they are alone, they must form a bond so therefore you need to add a subscript of 2 after them. The diatomic elements include- oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, bromine, fluorine, iodine, and chlorine.
Will the reaction occur in the following formula if so what is the product? 2HF+I2
No reaction
Reason: There is no reaction because Iodine will be trying to replace the other nonmetal anion, in this situation Fluorine. Iodine has less reactivity than Fluorine so it can’t replace fluorine in this formula therefore there is no reaction.
Imagine the ionic compound, NaCl was in it’s aquacious form. Hypothesize can the compound do differently now?
Conduct electricity
Reason: This is because when in a solid state their ions are constrained to a certain place and they cannot move from that area but in a liquid form their ions are able to have more freedom of motion and move easier. This makes it possible for electricity to be conducted through the movement of ions.
Apply the VSEPR model to determine which 3D structure (shape) of BH3?
Trigonal Planar
Reason: The central atom is boron because hydrogen is never a central atom. There are 3 hydrogen atoms bonded to boron. You must remember that boron is happy with just 6 valence electrons, and each hydrogen atom shares 2 electrons, leaving boron with no lone pairs. Now you can conclude that with 3 atoms bonded to the central atom and no lone pairs that BH3 is a trigonal planar.
What is the chemical formula for dinitrogen pentoxide. and how many total electrons are present in the formula?
N2O5 and 40
Reason: The formula is N2O5 because di means 2 so 2 nitrogens are present and penta mean 5 so there are 5 oxygens. There are 40 electrons because nitrogen has a total of 5 valence electrons and there are 2 nitrogens so 5(2)= 10. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons and there are a total of 5 oxygen atoms so 6(5)= 30. Finally 10+30= 40 electrons.
In a chemical equation there are 17 hydrogen atoms and 8 nitrogen atoms on the reactants side, decide how many atoms total should be on the products side.
25 atoms
Reason: The law of conservation of matter states that matter cannot be destroyed nor created. So this means that the amount of atoms in the products and reactants must be equal. Therefore since 17+8=25, there are 25 atoms on the product side.
Predict the product and balance of the following reactant. CuSO4+NaOH
CuSO+ 2NaOH → CuOH2+Na2SO4
Reason: The product is found from switching the metals in both compounds to create 2 new compounds. Then you criss cross the charges of each to get any necessary subscripts, then you add coefficients that are needed to balance the equation.
How would you correctly name the binary ionic compound between the elements Barium and Chlorine?
Barium chloride
Reason: This is because when naming binary ionic compounds, the metal cation is stated first as it is on the periodic table. The nonmetal anion is stated second, but you add -ide to the end of it. So Barium and Chlorine’s correct name is Barium Chloride.
Which of these elements would you hypothesize to bond together covalently?
N, Ne, O, Ag, and K
N and O
Reason: Covalent bonding bonds nonmetals, the only nonmetals are N, O, and Ne. Ne would not be bonded because it is a noble gas meaning it is already stable so it doesn't need to bond with anything. Oxygen and Nitrogen on the other hand both are nonmetal and aren't fully stable so they will likely bond covalently.
Two Step Question: First determine which of these compounds is a covalent compound. Then, determine the molar mass of that covalent bond.
Compounds: CaCl2, Cl2O7, or FeBr3.
182.9 g/mol
Reason: The answer to the first step is that the covalent bond is Cl2O7, this is because Cl and O are both nonmetals and the other two compounds have a metal in them. Ca and Fe are both metals. Then to determine the molar mass, you find the mass of each element and multiply that by the number of atoms present in that element, then you add the products and get your molar mass. Below is the molar mass work….
Cl- 35.45(2)= 70.9
O- 15.99(7)= 111.93
70.9+111.93= 182.83≈ 182.9 g/mol
What numbers would fill in the spaces to balance the equation? H3PO4 + HCl → PCl5 + H2O
1,5,1,4
Before balancing the equation the elements are not equal on each side, but then after using the coefficients 1,5,1,4 the elements are all equal on both products and reactant sides.
Describe what type of formula the following is. KBr+AgNO3--> KNO3+AgBr
Double Replacement
Reason: The cations in the equation (K and Ag) are switching places to create two new compounds. Like the example of the dancing partners switching places, that is what the elements are doing so it is a double replacement reaction.
What roman numeral is needed when naming this compound- FeO?
II
Reason: The function of roman numerals when naming is to show the charge of the metal. Some metals have more than one charge, multivalent, so they need a roman numeral to identify what that charge is. In this case, oxygen already has a charge of 2 so if the numbers cancel out giving no subscripts, that means iron will have the same charge of 2. This results in the roman numeral 2.
What is the correct name for P4O6?
Tetraphosphorus hexoxide
Reason:There are 4 phosphorous atom and the root for 4 is tetra. There are 6 oxygen and the root for 6 is hexa. So when you put it together and add -ide at the end, you get tetraphosphorus hexoxide.
How many moles of calcium, carbon, and oxygen (in that order) are in a single mole of CaCO3 (Calcium carbonate)?
1 calcium, 1 carbon, and 3 oxygen
Reason: Simply by looking at the formula you can see that a single mole of calcium carbonate contains 1 mole of calcium, 1 mole of carbon, and finally 3 moles of oxygen. You can figure this out because calcium and carbon have no subscript after so you can conclude there is one of each and oxygen has a subscript of 3 therefore there are three moles oxygen.
Compare the ratio between coefficients of propane:carbon dioxide in the following equation-
C3H8+O2 → CO2+H2O
1:3
Reason: First you start by balancing the equations to get equal amounts of each element of each side of the equation that will leave you with
C3H8+5O2 → 3CO2+4H2O. Then you will just look at the coefficients on each compound. since we are comparing propane and carbon dioxide, you look at C3H8 and CO2 the coefficient on propane is 1 and the coefficient on carbon dioxide is 3 so the ratio of propane:carbon dioxide is 1:3.
Which element is the most reactive nonmetal?
Fluorine
Reason: On the periodic table, nonmetal creativity increases more to the right and up, so the element at the top right is fluorine. Also you can look at the reactivity chart and see that fluorine is at the top and the most reactive nonmetal.