Mixtures and Solutions
States and Properties of Matter
Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table
Scientific Revolution
Miscellaneous
100
What is a mixture?
What is a physical combination of two or more substances that do not form a new substance. Can be heterogeneous or homogenous.
100
What are the four main states of matter?
What is solid, liquid, gas, plasma.
100
What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom?
What is proton, neutron, electron.
100
What was the scientific revolution?
What is a time in history when there came to be a completely secular approach to science, treating the world as consisting of a rational, knowable order.
100
Draw a Lewis Dot Diagram for Oxygen (atomic number 8).
What is Oxygen with six dots.
200
What is one way to separate the different substances in a mixture?
What is Filtration when the mixture contains a liquid & a solid component, then we filter the liquid component out Magnetism: some particles are magnetic so you can stick a magnet in or near the mixture to separate out the particles Distillation: you can separate different substances if they have different boiling points by evaporating and immediately condensing one substance into another container through a distillation apparatus
200
What is a factor besides temperature that can affect the phase of matter?
What is pressure.
200
What is are the masses and charges of the three subatomic particles?
What is proton (+) mass 1, neutron (0) mass 1, electron (-) mass 0.
200
Where did the Scientific Revolution take place?
What is Europe. Why? cultural innovations (Renaissance) and navigation around the world Asia. Why? 1600s—a closed or semi-closed system to maintain existent social hierarchy. China: no need to go outside (they explored the world earlier, 1200s, and during 1600s they focused inward (within their land/territory). Min dynasty to Qing dynasty: their technology was quite advanced already---no need to bring outside ideas   Japan: Isolated period from 1600 to late 1800s ---no foreign trades allowed (except China and Dutch, and only in limited area), Shoguns were powerful and did not want to be colonized, invaded, influenced by the western countries. Culture and economy flourished/ successful within Japan, so no need to bring “new” ideas from outside.
200
If an atom has a negative two charge, does it have more or less protons than electrons, and by how many?
What is it has two less protons than electrons.
300
Define solution and give two specific examples.
What is when the particles in a mixture are the size of atoms or molecules. All are homogenous. Suspension, colloid.
300
A liquid has _________ shape and _________ volume.
What is indefinite and definite.
300
How many electrons can the first two orbitals, s and p, hold?
What is s = 2, p = 6.
300
Name three important figures from this time period.
Copernicus, Brahe, Galileo, Newton, Descartes.
300
Define the law of conservation of matter.
Matter is neither created nor destroyed, it can only change form.
400
How are solutions different than mixtures?
What is in a solution, the particles are the size of atoms, so they can't be told apart. Mixtures can be homogenous or heterogeneous.
400
Describe the arrangement of particles in the solid, liquid, and gas forms of matter.
solid: tightly packed, randomly arranged liquid: constant motion, attraction between particles, randomly arranged gas: far apart, randomly arranged
400
Lithium is in group 2 and period 1 of the periodic table. How many valence electrons does it have and how many electron orbitals does it have.
What is 1 valence electron and 2 orbitals.
400
What are the two models of the universe and how are they different? Which one is right?
What is heliocentric (sun is center) and geocentric (earth is center). Heliocentric.
400
What is the kinetic theory of matter?
What is all particles of matter are in constant motion.
500
What is the difference between a homogenous and heterogeneous mixture?
What is the size of the particles. small versus big enough to see.
500
Draw a complete phase change diagram.
What is … solid liquid gas and connections- freezing, melting. sublimation, depositions. condensation, vaporization.
500
Fill in the blanks: Element Atomic # #Protons #Neutrons # Electrons Atomic Mass B 5 ____ 6 ____ ____
What is 5, 5, 11
500
What is meant by the Newtonian-Copernican paradigm?
What is Science, rather than God, defined the universe. Mathematics and observations constituted science. Earth & other planets revolved around sun; infinite universe: many more heavenly bodies than previously assumed. A world of motion, not just a static one.
500
Balance the following equation: P + O2 --> P205
What is 4, 5, 2.
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