Physical vs. Chemical Changes
Atomic Structure
The Periodic Table
Trends of the Periodic Table
Electron Configurations
100
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
100
What is an atom?
The smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of that element
100
What is a row called on the periodic table and what does it tell us?
Period- the number of electron shells (levels)
100
What is the term for a positively charged ion? What is the term for a negatively charged ion?
positive-cation negative-anion
100
What does the principle quantum number tell us about the "address" of an electron? What are the possible numbers for this?
What energy level/shell it is in, 1-7
200
Give two examples of physical properties.
color, melting point, boiling point, density
200
What are the three subatomic particles and their charges?
proton-positive neutron-neutral electron-negative
200
What is a group on the periodic table and what does it tell us?
column-number of valence electrons
200
What is ionization energy? What trend do you see as you go from left to right across the periodic table?
The energy required to remove an outer electron from an atom, IE increases as you go from left to right across the table
200
What are the four different sublevels and what are their shapes?
s-sphere,p-peanut, d-double peanut, f-flower
300
Phase changes are always what type of change?
Physical changes
300
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom (farthest from nucleus)
300
Name two groups/families that are very reactive. Name the group/family that is most unreactive.
Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens are very reactive unreactive-noble gases
300
What happens to metallic properties as you go from left to right across the periodic table?
they decrease
300
How many electrons can each of the sublevels hold?
s-2, p-6, d-10, f-14
400
What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?
Physical change is still the same substance (often just changing states) where chemical change creates a whole new substance
400
What does atomic number tell us? What else could it tell us if we have a neutral atom?
number of protons, number of electrons
400
What is the name for the family that includes most of the elements we commonly think of as metals? i.e. gold, silver, nickel
transition metals
400
As you move from left to right across the periodic table, the number of protons and electrons are increasing, yet atomic radius decreases. Why?
The greater number of electrons (- charges) and protons (+ charges) create a stronger attraction between the nucleus and electron shells, pulling the atom in closer together and making it smaller *Note, this is not true as you go down the periodic table because you are adding more energy shells/levels
400
What is the Aufbau principle?
an electron occupies the lowest energy possible
500
Name 4 things that are a good indication of a chemical change happening.
color change, heat produced, light produced, gas produced, odor produced
500
How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?
Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
500
Name 4 non-metals.
SCHNOPSe!
500
What is electronegativity? What element has the highest EN?
a measure of the attraction an atom involved in a bond has for the electrons of the bond, F has highest EN
500
What is the electron configuration for Iron?
1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^6
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