Vocabulary
This refers to a single-unit substance that is the smallest form of a biomolecule
What is a monomer?
This term refers to any molecule that carries an overall electrical charge
What is an ion?
These ions are sometimes just referred to as 'protons'
What are hydrogen ions?
These biomolecules always have a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen
What are carbohydrates?
List three major groups of lipids
What are fats, oils, and waxes?
This term refers to molecules that carry an overall negative electrical charge
What are anions?
These biomolecules are not water soluble
What are lipids?
All free hydrogens are considered this type of ion
What are cations?
List the major job of nucleic acids
What is 'to store and pass on genetic information?'
Give two examples of nucleic acids
What are DNA and RNA?
List two examples of unique properties of water
What are 1) cohesion, 2) adhesion, and 3) universal solvent?
Every protein always has these two chemical groups
What is 1) an amino group and 2) a carboxyl group?
On the board, one person write down the equation for the natural breakdown of water in solution
What is 'H2O --> H+ and OH-'
List the three biomolecules that can be broken down for energy, starting with the fastest-burning form
What are 1) carbohydrates, 2) lipids, 3) proteins?
This is the monomer form of a carbohydrate
List the three of the major jobs of lipids
What is 1) slow-burning energy, 2) insulation/protection for internal organs, 3) making and moving hormones through the body, 4) sending and receiving electrical impulses?
The protein polymer consists of a simple chain of amino acids
List two acidic, two neutral, and two basic solutions
What are 1) gastric acid, lemon juice, apple juice, battery acid, 2) pure water and blood, 3) bleach, handsoap, baking soda?
Define a base using 1) the verbal description and 2) the range of pH values
What is 'any solution that gives off more OH- ions than H+ ions; pH of 8.00 to 14?'
In your own words, explain what it means for pH to be measured on a logarithmic scale
What is 'a one-unit change in the pH value of a substance represents a ten-fold change in the acidity of that substance?'
Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats
What is 'saturated fats contain all single bonds between carbon atoms; are linear in shape and unsaturated fats contain at least one double bond between carbon atoms and are bent?'
List the three major jobs of proteins as discussed in class
What is 1) transporting substances in/out of cells, 2) facilitating chemical reactions, and 3) providing structure and support to organisms?
Define an acid using the 1) verbal description and 2) the range of pH values
What is 'an acid is any solution that gives off more H+ ions than OH- ions; pH of 0 to 6.99'?
This is why we think all living organisms have evolved to store and pass on genetic information using nucleic acids
What is 'because nucleic acids are a very strong/robust/durable molecule that does not degrade as quickly as the other three biomolecules?'
List the three biological processes that are first affected by changes in pH
What are 1) enzyme activity, 2) chemical properties or organs/tissues, and 3) functioning of biomolecules?