Module 11: States Of Matter
What does the term viscosity refer to?
A liquids resistance to flow.
What does the law of conservation of energy state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or changed.
What is activation energy?
The minimum energy needed for a reaction to occur
What is chemical equilibrium?
A state where the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7
What creates gas pressure?
Gas pressure is causes by the collisions between the gas particles and the container walls
What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or changed.
How does a catalyst speed up a reaction?
It lowers the activation energy.
What does the equilibrium constant (K) show?
It shows the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium.
What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?
Strong acids fully ionize in water, while weak acids only partially ionize.
What force keeps liquids held together?
Inter molecular forces
What formula is used to calculate heat energy?
q = mc\Delta T
Name two factors that increase reaction rate.
Higher temperature and higher concentration.
According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, what happens if more reactant is added?
The reaction shifts toward the products.
What happens during a neutralization reaction?
An acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt.
Describe the Kinetic Molecular Theory
Matter is made up of tiny particles that are constantly moving
Why does water temperature stay constant during melting or boiling on a heating curve?
The energy is being used to change the phase instead of increasing temperature.
What theory explains how particles must collide to react?
Collision theory.
If pressure increases in a gas reaction, which side will equilibrium shift toward?
The side with fewer moles of gas.
According to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, what does an acid do?
It donates a proton (H⁺).
What creates a polar molecule?
Uneven distribution of electric charges where one end is negative and the other is positive.
A 50.0 g sample of water absorbs 4180 J of heat. If the specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g°C, what is the temperature change?
20.0°C
Why does crushing a solid reactant usually make a reaction happen faster?
Crushing increases surface area, allowing more collisions between particles.
Why does changing temperature affect equilibrium differently than changing concentration?
Temperature changes the value of K because it changes reaction energy, while concentration only shifts the position of equilibrium.
If the hydrogen ion concentration [H^+] is 1x10^(-3), what is the pH?
pH=-\log[H^+]
3