Atoms
What is an atom?
An atom is the most basic unit of matter.
How are the elements in The Periodic Table of Elements grouped together?
By their similarities
In a Bohr's model each shell can hold up to a certain number of electrons, what is the equation used to determine how many electrons a shell can hold?
2n2
What are the names of the two types of bonds that atoms can form?
Ionic bonds and covalent bonds
What was the most abundant element beyond the snow line in our early Solar System?
Hydrogen
What is an atomic symbol and how is it always written?
An atomic symbol is a 1-2 letter representation of an elements name where the first letter is always capitalized and the second letter is always lowercase.
What are the columns of the periodic table called and what do all elements in a specific column have in common?
The columns in the periodic table are called groups and each group has the same number of valence electrons.
How many electrons can the first shell hold?
How many electrons can the second shell hold?
How many electrons can the third shell hold?
The first shell can hold 2 electrons
The second shell can hold 8 electrons
The third shell can hold 18 electrons
What part of an atom is the only part that can participate in bonding?
Electrons in the outermost shell, known as valence electrons.
What does The Law of Conservation of Mass, also known as The Law of Conservation of Matter state?
Matter can neither be created nor destroyed, but instead is changed from one form to another.
Name and describe the three subatomic particles, include their name, charges and where they are found.
Protons - positively charged and found in the nucleus
Neutrons - neutral or not charges and found in the nucleus
Electrons - negatively charged and found in orbits in the electron cloud moving around outside of the nucleus
What are the rows in the periodic table called and what do all the elements in a row have in common?
Rows in the periodic table are called Periods and all elements in the same period have the same number of electrons shells and/or the same electron energy levels.
Create a Bohr's model for Sodium (Na) and explain what each part represents.
In the center is the nucleus with 11 protons and 12 neutrons. Outside of the nucleus are three circles representing the three electrons shells Sodium has. The first shell is full with 2 electons, the second shell is full with 8 electrons, and the third shell has only one electron, which is a valence electron available for bonding.
What is an ionic bond?
How and why do ionic bonds form?
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond which holds together two atoms of opposite charges known as ions. They are held together by the attraction of their opposite charges and they bind to become electrically neutral while remaining stable.
What who elements make up water?
What two elements make up ammonia?
What two elements make up methane?
Water is made of Hydrogen and Oxygen
Ammonia is made of Hydrogen and Nitrogen
Methance is made of Hydrogen and Carbon
What do we call atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons?
Isoptopes
What is the atomic number of an element and where would you find it.
The atomic number of an element is written above the atomic symbol in an elements box on the periodic table of elements and it represents the number of protons in an element.
Create a Lewis Dot Diagram for Arsenic (As) and explain what the different parts of the diagram represent.
At the center is the atomic symbol As for the element Arsenic and around the outside are 5 dots (maximum of 2 per side) which represent the 5 valence electrons on an atoms outermost electrons shell which are available for bonding.
What is a covalent bond?
How and why does a covalent bond form?
A covalent bond is formed between two neutral atoms that are not close to becoming stable by gaining or losing valence electrons.
Covalent bonds form by sharing their valence electrons in order to become stable while remaining neutrally charged.
How are we related to The Big Bang
The Big Bang is currently the most widely accepted scientific theory as to how the Universe and everything in it came to be. According to The Big Bang Theory, a supernova (or exploding star) released all known matter and energy into our Universe which would mean that The Big Bang made everything in the Universe including humans. Which is why Carl Sagan said "we are all star stuff".
All atoms start electrically neutral, but what happens if an atom gains an electron? What happens if an atom loses an electron?
If an atom gains an electron it becomes a negatively charged ion.
If an atom loses an electron it becomes a positively charged ion.
What is the atomic mass of an element and where would you find it?
Why is it often written as a decimal number?
When is it not be written as a decimal number?
The atomic mass of an element is found below the atomic symbol in an elements box on the periodic table and it represents the number of protons and neutrons in an element.
It is most often written as a decimal because the atomic number is an average of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element, reflecting all the various numbers of neutrons an element can have and which are the most commonly found in nature.
The atomic mass is written as a whole number if the atom is man made and that number can change if a new isotope of the element is created that lasts longer than any previously created ones.
Compare and Contrast a Bohr's Model of an element with a Lewis Dot Diagram of the same element.
The Bohr's diagram is more complex and takes more time to create. It shows all of the subatomic particles and electron shells of an atom and which shell each of its electrons would be in, including the valence electrons on the outermost shell, but it does not show the name or symbol of the element being represented.
The Lewis Dot Diagram is simpler and easier to create. It shows only the valence electrons, represented as dots around the atomic symbol of the elememt and does not show any of the other subatomic particles or the number of electron shells or where any of those subatomic particles would be found.
How are new substances formed if matter cannot be created?
By adding energy to the bonds of existing molecules and compounds those bonds can be broken and the atoms are then free to rearrange themselves into different substances making new bonds with give off energy.
How can we relate planetary orbital motion to an atom? Be specific
Both an atom and our Solar System have a large center that holds the whole system together. For an atom that is the nucleus and makes up the majority of the atom. In our solar system that would be the Sun which is the largest part of our solar system and central to the system.
Atoms have electrons which are much smaller than the nucleus which move around the nucleus in orbit held in place by the pull of the nucleus. The Solar System has planets that are much smaller than the Sun which move around the Sun in orbit held in place by the pull of the Sun.