Energy
Electricity is a form of ______________ energy
Kinetic
Temperature can be used to estimate ___________ energy.
Thermal
Which method of heat transfer is responsible for causing hot air balloons to rise?
Convection
What can you use to transfer heat between two objects that aren't touching?
A thermal bridge (conducting channel)
The 2nd law of thermodynamics specifically applies to what kind of systems?
Isolated Systems
In what state of matter do particles contain the most energy?
What happens to fluid materials when they are heated?
They expand and rise
What method of heat transfer requires objects to be in contact with one another?
Conduction
If you have a system where a hot object is transferring heat to a cold object, when will that system reach maximum entropy?
Describe one property of particles with low entropy.
Several Answers
They are very ordered and structured. They have very little freedom of movement. They tend to be cold. They tend to be solids. They are closely packed together. They do not have a lot of microstates available to them. They do not have a lot of energy states available to them.
How is heat energy transferred during radiation?
Through electromagnetic waves
In a large body of water, where does it experience large temperature changes?
At its thermal boundary layers
What special property about metals makes them good at conducting electricity and heat?
The electrons of metals are free to move from atom to atom.
What happens to the entropy of a system as heat is transferred from a hot object to a cold object?
The cold object increases in entropy and the hot object decreases in entropy. Overall the entropy gained by the cold object is greater than the entropy lost by the hot object which causes the entropy of the system to increase.
The only time entropy can remain constant is during a ______________ process.
Reversible
How is internal energy different from thermal energy?
Internal energy includes the potential energy of the protons, electrons, and neutrons for all the atoms in an object.
What is the difference between temperature and thermal energy?
- Temperature is a measure of the AVERAGE kinetic energy for the particles in an object.
- Thermal energy is a measure of the SUM of kinetic energy for the particles in an object.
The fluid motion associated with convection currents is due to differences in ________________
Density
Why can't systems in nature ever reach thermal equilibrium?
Because there are too many inputs and outputs that are constantly changing the temperature in each natural system.
Why do gas particles have more entropy then liquid or solid particles?
Because they have more freedom of movement which allows them to have more microstates (ways of arranging their positions and energies) available to them.
How is energy related to entropy?
The entropy of a system increases as energy is added to that system.
How do infrared (thermal) cameras work?
They detect infrared radiation from objects and display it as visible images, using colors to represent different temperatures.
As an object increases in temperature, what two things happen to the radiation that it emits?
As an object increases in temperature it releases more energy and it emits light at a lower wavelength (higher frequency).
What causes wind?
Hot air expands and rises while cold air sinks. As hot air expands it creates low air pressure. As cold air sinks, it creates high air pressure. Air moves from high pressure areas to low pressure areas creating wind.
Explain how the formation of organized structures like snowflakes and minerals results in an overall increase in entropy for the universe.
When organized structures form, heat is released into their surroundings which increases the overall entropy of the universe.