Atoms
What do atoms combine to form?
Molecules
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom with a negative or positive charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.
What is the noble gas configuration for silver?
What are the electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds called?
Ionic bonds.
What are compounds composed of cations and anions called?
Ionic compounds
What are valence electrons and what determines their number?
Valence electrons are the electrons on the outermost shell. The group number on the periodic table determines the number of valence electrons.
What is a negatively charged ion called? What about a positively charged ion?
Negatively charged: Anions
Positively charged: Cations
How many valence electrons does Helium have?
2 valence electrons
What element electron configuration does a chlorine atom achieve if it gains one valence electron?
Argon
What are ionic compounds usually composed of?
Metal cations and nonmetal ions.
What largely determines the chemical properties of elements?
The number of valence electrons.
What is the name of a sodium atom with a positive charge?
Sodium cation. Cations of the metal group are called the same name as their original atom.
What did Mendeleev use to organize his periodic table?
The properties of elements.
____ and _____ have opposite charges and attract one another by means of electrostatic forces.
Cations, Anions
Although they are composed of ions, ionic compounds are _______ _____.
electrically neutral
What is an electron dot structure? Explain
It's a diagram that shows the number of valence electrons as dots.
What are halide ions?
They're ions that are produced when atoms of chlorine and other halogens gain electrons.
What common mineral emits sparks when struck against steel?
Pyrite or "fool's gold"
How do chemists represent the compositions of substances?
Chemical formulas
What does the total positive charge of cations equal?
The total negative charge of anions.
What is the group number/octet rule and what group on the periodic table is its only exception?
The octet rule is the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons. The only group that is an exception to this is Noble Gases.
What is the difference between the reactions of sodium metal and sodium cations in water?
Sodium metals react explosively with water while sodium cations are mostly not reactive.
What do aluminum metal and nonmetal bromine react to form?
Ionic solid, Aluminum Bromine.
What do sodium cations and chloride anions form?
A three dimensional array in sodium chloride.
What is sodium chloride or table salt composed of?
Sodium cations and chloride anions