Structure
What makes a benzene ring with two substitutents ortho, meta, or para substituted?
Ortho = 1,2; Meta = 1,3; Para = 1,4
Arrange the following interactions from strongest to weakest: ionic, London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole
Ionic > dipole-dipole > LDFs
Are molecules that undergo Sn2 reactions typically primary, secondary or teritary? Explain why.
Primary! Since the nucleophile attacks at the same time the leaving group leaves, a stable carbocation cannot be formed so primary compounds are favored for Sn2. Also steric hinderance
Name the different bonds used for each of the 4 levels of protein structure.
1: Covalent peptide bonds between backbone; 2. H bonds between backbone (no R groups!) 3. Covalent disulfide bonds between two cysteines, non covalent interactions between backbone/R groups; 4. same as 3 but multiple proteins
What is Maya's favorite color? :)
Red yay
What characterisitics determine if a compound is aromatic?
Cyclic, 4n+2 pi electrons, planar, all carbons are sp2
In which region of the graph is the buffer region?
From ph 2 to 3
Why is the addition of H-Br to a double bond considered anti-Markonikov in the prescense of a peroxide?
Peroxides promote radicals, and the addition favors the more stable radical over the more stable carbocation.
Why is an ionic bond (or electrostatic interaction) the strongest noncovalent interaction?
Ionic is a fully negative/positively charged atom (think Na+ or Cl-). Hydrogen bonds are partial charges and not as strong. Van der Waals and hydrophobic don't involve charges and are weaker.
What is Caleb's favorite hobby?
Playing guitar!
What is the stereochemistry of this molecule?
RR
Explain why octane is less volatile than pentane.
The LDFs between octane are greater because the carbon chain is longer.
3-chloropentane is reacted with KEtO-. Two products are formed. Which is the major product and which is the minor product?
The major product is the elimination product and the minor product is the substituation product.
The bond energies associated with individual noncovalent interactions in the cell are too weak to resist disruption by thermal motion. However, cellular macromolecules can interact specifically AND strongly with each other (or fold by themselves) merely via such interactions. How is this possible?
Many weak bonds together in a complementary geometry combine to create a strong binding.
What is Samuel's nickname?
Prism guy
Rank the molecules from most stable to least stable:
C, A, B
How do impurities affect the boiling/melting point of compounds? Explain.
Boiling point will be increased, and melting point will be decreased, because the compound is interacting with the compound.
Explain/draw the mechanism behind adding an OH group onto a benzene ring.
1. H2SO4/HNO3 makes NO2; 2. H2/Pt makes NH2; 3. HONO makes N2+ (diazonium); 4. Add H30+ or Cu2O2 to turn diazonium into OH
Which of the following is true (can select multiple)? a) enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction b) enzymes speed up reactions c) enzyme makes reactions more favorable d) enzymes are conserved in reactions
A, D
What does Jehoshaphat's name mean?
Judge of God
Name this compound's IUPAC name.
(E)-5,6-dichloro-7-ethyl-9-fluoronon-2-en-4-one
Calculate the pH of a 10^–8 M solution of hydrochloric acid.
pH = 7 (too dilute to make the pH acidic).
The base reabstracting the alpha hydrogen is a favorable step, whereas the other steps are unfavorable. This step is favorable and is what drives the entire reaction.
Name the 7 functional groups commonly seen in biomolecules.
Methyl, Carbonyl, Amino, Carboxyl, Sulfhydrl, Phosphoryl, hydroxyl
What drink does Philipina always buy Maya and Hydeia?
Malt or Alvaro :)