Atoms + Matter
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
What did Rutherford discover?
Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus of the atom.
What are the differences between metals and nonmetals?
Metals are elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity, while nonmetals are poor conductors and can be gases or brittle solids.
What is the pH scale?
The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a solution is, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral.
How do you balance chemical equations?
To balance chemical equations, you adjust the coefficients in front of compounds to ensure that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
What are the three main parts of an atom?
The three main parts of an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is Boyle's Law?
Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature.
How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and grouped by similar properties.
What are solutes and solvents?
A solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solution, while a solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute.
What are the signs that a chemical reaction has occurred?
Signs of a chemical reaction include color change, gas production (bubbles), temperature change, and the formation of a precipitate (solid).
What is the charge of a proton?
A proton has a positive charge.
Who proposed the atomic theory?
John Dalton proposed the atomic theory.
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom, while a compound is made of two or more different atoms chemically bonded together.
What is the definition of an acid?
An acid is a substance that donates protons (H⁺ ions) in a chemical reaction and has a pH less than 7.
What is a physical change?
A physical change alters the appearance or state of matter but does not create a new substance. Examples include melting, freezing, or cutting.
What is a molecule?
A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together. For example, a water molecule (H₂O) has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
What is Charles's Law?
Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.
How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number and grouped by similar properties.
What is the significance of pH indicators?
pH indicators are used to determine the acidity or basicity of a solution by changing color at specific pH levels.
Name one physical change and one chemical change.
Physical: Freezing water, salt dissolving, cutting paper
Chemical: burning wood, iron rusting, baking a cake
How do atoms bond with each other?
By way of the electrons on their outermost shell.
Who is known for the planetary model of the atom?
Niels Bohr is known for the planetary model of the atom.
What are the families of the periodic table?
The families of the periodic table include groups such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, halogens, and noble gases.
What is the name of the lab tool used to test pH levels?
Litmus Paper
What are the types of chemical reactions?
The main types of chemical reactions include synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, and combustion