Explain in terms of oxidation states, why extraction of Iron from Iron (III) oxide is reduction reaction.
The oxidation state of Iron decreases from +3 to 0, which means it gains electrons.
The burning of carbon (coke) in the blast furnace
C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)
What is the chemical formula for haematite?
Fe₂O₃
The main reducing agent of Iron Ore
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Identify the exothermic reaction in blast furnace
The burning of carbon (coke) to provide heat and produce carbon dioxide
The reduction of carbon dioxide using coke
CO2 (g) + C (s) → 2CO (g)
Define reducing agent.
A reducing agent is a substance that donates electrons to another substance during a chemical reaction, thereby reducing (removing oxygen from) that substance.
The temperature of the furnace is ______________.
2000 degrees celsius
Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The combustion of coke (a carbon-rich fuel derived from coal) in the blast furnace releases a large amount of CO₂, contributing to global warming and climate change.
Reduction of Iron (III) oxide in the blast furnace
Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) → 2Fe (I) + 3CO2 (g)
Define oxidising agent.
An oxidizing agent is a substance that accepts electrons from another substance during a chemical reaction, thereby oxidizing (adding oxygen to) that substance. In the context of chemical reactions, the oxidizing agent itself gets reduced by gaining electrons.
What is coke
The heating agent in the blast furnace
How the sand impurity is removed from the iron obtained in the blast furnace
•The thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate (limestone) to produce calcium oxide:
CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
•The formation of slag:
CaO (s) + SiO2 (s) → CaSiO3 (l)
Thermal Decomposition of Limestone. Include state symbols.
CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
What temperature is typically maintained in the hottest part of a blast furnace?
2000°C
Suggest why the reaction of calcium oxide with silicon (IV) oxide is a neutralisation reaction.
It is a neutralisation reaction because a basic oxide (CaO) is reacting with acidic oxide (SiO2) to form salt (CaSiO3)
The formation of slag. Include the state symbols.
Write the chemical name for slag.
CaO (s) + SiO2 (s) → CaSiO3 (l)
Calcium silicate
What is the main purpose of hot air being blasted into the furnace?
To provide oxygen for combustion