Bonding types
What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between nonmetals?
Covalent bond
What do Lewis structures show?
The arrangement of valence electrons in a molecule.
What is the shape of a water (H₂O) molecule?
Bent
What is the chemical formula for sodium chloride?
NaCl
What type of reaction is A + B → AB?
Synthesis reaction
What type of bond forms between a metal and a nonmetal?
Ionic bond
How many electrons does hydrogen need to be stable?
2 electrons
What is the shape of a molecule with 4 bonding pairs and no lone pairs?
Tetrahedral
What is the name of CO₂?
Carbon dioxide
Balance this: H₂ + O₂ → H₂O
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?
Polar bonds share electrons unequally, nonpolar bonds share equally.
What element is usually the central atom in a Lewis structure?
The least electronegative atom (except hydrogen).
What is the bond angle in a linear molecule?
180 degrees
What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?
Ca(OH)₂
What type of reaction is AB → A + B?
Decomposition reaction
Which type of bond results from the "sea of electrons" model?
Metallic bond
How many total valence electrons are in CO₂?
16 valence electrons
What theory is used to predict molecular shapes?
VSEPR theory
What is the name of H₂SO₄?
Sulfuric acid
What are the products of a combustion reaction of a hydrocarbon?
CO₂ and H₂O
What determines whether a covalent bond is polar?
The difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.
What is a lone pair in a Lewis structure?
A pair of valence electrons not shared with another atom.
What shape does ammonia (NH₃) have?
Trigonal pyramidal
What is the formula for aluminum sulfate?
Al₂(SO₄)₃
Balance this: Al + HCl → AlCl₃ + H₂
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂