Phase Transitions
What is the phase transition from Liquid to Solid called?
Freezing
What defines a Solid?
Shape and Volume
What are the two phase transitions between a Solid and a Gas?
Sublimation and Deposition
What are the two phase transitions between a Gas and a Liquid?
Condensation and Vaporization
What are the two phase transitions between a Solid and a Liquid?
Freezing and Melting
What is the phase transition from Solid to Liquid called?
Melting
What defines a Liquid
defined: Volume
nondefined: Shape
What is an Ideal Gas?
A hypothetical gas whose molecules occupy negligible space and have no interactions, and which consequently obeys the gas laws exactly
What is a fluid?
A substance that can flow and therefore take the shape of its container
How do you calculate density?
Calculate density by dividing an object's mass by its volume
What is the phase transition from Liquid to Gas called?
Vaporization
What defines (or doesn't define) a Gas?
nondefined: Volume and Shape
What is a Real Gas?
An actual gas that does not perfectly follow the ideal gas law
What is surface tension?
The force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size
What is an example of amorphas solids
Examples include glass, plastic, rubber and synthetic polymers
What is the phase transition from Gas to Liquid called?
Condensation
What is dipole-dipole attraction?
electrostatic forces between the positive end of one permanent polar molecule and the negative end of another
What is diffusion?
the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
Helps regulate global temperature and is a key part of the water cycle
Give any three of the six properties of a solid
Shape, Volume, Density, Low Diffusion Rate, Crystalline Structure, Definite Melting Point
What is the phase transition from Solid to Gas called?
Sublimination
Define Entropy
A fundamental scientific concept measuring the degree of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty within a system
What is kinetic-molecular theory?
A scientific model explaining the physical behavior of gases by modeling them as collections of constantly moving
What is the structure of water?
Two H atoms are joined to one O atom by a polar covalent bond
Define a crystalline solid
A solid material with a highly ordered, repeating three-dimensional arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules, forming a crystal lattice