States of Matter
What state of matter has particles that are closely packed but still able to move past each other?
Liquid.
What is Boyle’s Law about?
Pressure and volume have an inverse relationship.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
A mixture that is evenly distributed.
What is collision theory?
Particles must collide to react.
What is the pH scale used for?
Measuring how acidic or basic a substance is.
What theory explains that particles are always moving?
Kinetic Molecular Theory.
What happens to gas volume when temperature increases (at constant pressure)?
Volume increases.
What is molarity?
Moles of solute per liter of solution.
What is activation energy?
Minimum energy needed for a reaction to occur.
What is a strong acid?
An acid that fully ionizes in water.
What happens to particles when temperature increases?
They move faster and spread farther apart.
If the temperature of a gas decreases while pressure stays constant, what happens to the volume?
The volume decreases
What does dilution do to a solution?
Decreases concentration by adding more solvent.
How does increasing temperature affect reaction rate?
It increases reaction rate.
What is a neutralization reaction?
Acid + base = water + salt.
Why does gas compress more easily than a liquid?
Gas particles are far apart with lots of empty space.
A gas is compressed from 4 L to 2 L. What happens to pressure?
It doubles.
How do you calculate percent by mass?
(mass of solute ÷ total mass) × 100
Why does increasing surface area increase reaction rate?
More particles are exposed for collisions.
What is a conjugate acid-base pair?
Two substances that differ by one hydrogen ion.
Explain how diffusion demonstrates particle motion in gases.
Gas particles spread from high concentration to low because they are constantly moving randomly
A gas is heated and expands in a sealed container. Why does pressure increase?
Particles move faster and hit container walls more often and harder.
Why does stirring speed up dissolving?
It increases contact between solute and solvent particles.
What is the role of a catalyst?
Lowers activation energy without being used up.
If pH decreases from 6 to 4, how does acidity change?
It becomes 100 times more acidic.