Atomic and Periodic Trends
This type of mixture has a completely uniform composition throughout, like salt water.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
These are different physical forms of the same element in the same state, such as graphite and diamond for carbon.
What are allotropes?
This constant, valued at 6.022 * 1023, represents the number of particles in exactly one mole of a substance.
What is Avogadro's constant?
Name two of the four primary visual signs that a chemical reaction has taken place.
What are: color change, evolution of gas (bubbling), precipitate formation, or temperature change? (any 2)
This factor increases reaction rate by providing a different reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, without being consumed itself.
What is a catalyst?
This is the full electron configuration for a neutral Carbon atom using s, p, d, f notation.
What is 1s2 2s2 2p2?
This type of bond forms when two atoms share electrons due to a low difference in electronegativity.
What is a covalent bond?
If you dissolve 2 moles of NaCl into a 1 Litre volumetric flask, this is the final molarity (M or mol/L) of the solution.
What is 2 M (or 2 mol/L)?
This is the name given to a reaction where a single reactant breaks down into two or more simpler products, often using heat.
What is a decomposition reaction?
According to Collision Theory, raising this variable increases reaction rate because particles move faster and collide with more kinetic energy.
What is temperature?
If an element has a high first ionisation energy, it means it requires a lot of energy to do this.
What is removing its first (outermost/valence) electron?
While intramolecular bonds hold atoms together inside a molecule, these are the forces that exist between molecules and determine boiling points.
What are intermolecular forces?
According to Boyle's Law, if you double the pressure of a gas at a constant temperature, this happens to its volume.
What is it halves (decreases by half)?
When testing metal reactivity, if Metal A reacts vigorously with cold water but Metal B only reacts with steam, this metal is higher on the activity series.
What is Metal A?
In Redox reactions, we define Oxidation not just as gaining oxygen, but as the loss of these subatomic particles.
What are electrons? (OIL RIG: Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain)
Explain why atomic radius decreases as you move from left to right across Period 3.
What is an increase in core charge (or nuclear charge/number of protons) pulling the same number of electron shells closer?
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and diamond share this specific type of secondary chemical structure, giving them incredibly high melting points.
What is a covalent network lattice?
In a reaction, this is the name given to the reactant that completely runs out first, limiting the amount of product that can form.
What is the limiting reagent?
When mixing solutions of Silver Nitrate and Sodium Chloride, a white solid forms. This type of reaction is called this.
What is a precipitation reaction?
Based on what you know about periodic trends, would you expect a highly electronegative non-metal like Fluorine to want to do with electrons?
What is gain electrons?
Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element with two isotopes: 75% abundance of Mass 35, and 25% abundance of Mass 37.
What is $35.5 g/mol?
Calculation: (35 * 0.75) + (37 * 0.25)
Use Lewis dot logic or valency to predict the molecular shape of a molecule of methane (CH4).
What is tetrahedral?
You have 40 grams of NaOH (Molar Mass = 40 g/mol). If you dilute this into a total volume of 500 mL, what is the final concentration?
What is 2 mol/L? (1 mole / 0.5 L)
Indigenous Australians traditionally used physical processing (like slicing and washing in running water) to remove toxic cycasin from Cycad seeds. This chemical process is called this.
What is leaching (or detoxification via solubility/hydrolysis)?
This is the term for the minimum amount of energy that colliding particles must possess in order to undergo a successful chemical reaction.
What is activation energy?