Vocabulary
Solutions
Solubility
Concentrations
Colligative Properties
100
the substance dissolved in a solution
What is a solute?
100
Explain the differences between unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions.
Unsaturated-contains less than the maximum amount of solute Saturated-contains the maximum amount of solute Supersaturated-contains more than the maximum amount of solute
100
A non-polar solute in a polar solvent
What is insoluble?
100
What is the molarity of the solution if 4 mol of NaCl are dissolved in a 0.5L solution?
4 mol/0.5L= 8M or 8 Molar
100
When salt is added to water, the freezing point _________
What is decreases?
200
the dissolving medium in a solution
What is a solvent?
200
Give 3 characteristics of a solution.
-will not settle upon standing -uniform composition -can be clear or have color -will NOT disperse light -will pass through a fine filter
200
A polar solute in an alcoholic solvent.
What is soluble?
200
What is the molarity of the solution if 10 grams of silver nitrate are dissolved in 500mL of solution?
silver nitrate= 108+14+3(16)=17 g/mol moles=grams/gram-formula mass=10g /170 g/mol= 0.0588 mol 500mL=0.5L molarity=0.0588 mol /0.5mL= .1176 M or molar
200
One mole of any particle will decrease the freezing point by _______
What is 1.86 degrees Celsius?
300
a homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances in a single phase
What is a solution?
300
Give three techniques used to separate heterogeneous solutions.
-filtration -decanting -separatory funnel
300
An ionic solute in an alcoholic solvent.
What is insoluble?
300
What is the percent by volume of alcohol if 50.0 mL of ethanol is diluted with water to form a total volume of 300mL?
Percent by volume=volume of solute/volume of solution x 100= 50/300 x 100= 16.67%
300
One mole of any particle will also increase the boiling point by ___________
What is 0.52 degrees Celsius?
400
the concentration of a solution expressed in moles per kg of solvent
What is molarity?
400
What are 3 things that can affect the rate of dissolving in a solution?
-particle size -amount of solvent/solute present -stirring -temperature (except gases)
400
According to Table G, which salt is most soluble at 90 degrees Celsius?
What is what is ammonium chloride?
400
What is the percent mass of NaOH if 2.50 grams of NaOH is added to grams of water?
Percent by mass= mass of part/mass of whole x 100= 2.5 g/52.5 g x 100= 4.76%
400
The freezing point of ice is 0 degrees Celsius, if NaCl is added to the ice, what will the new freezing point be?
NaCl= Na+Cl= 2 moles 2 x 1.86= 3.72 0-3.72 =-3.72 degrees Celsius
500
the temperature at which the equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure
What is the boiling point?
500
gas that rapidly escapes from the liquid in which it is dissolved
What is effervescence?
500
At 50 degrees celsius,100g potassium nitrate is dissolved in 100g of water.Is the solution unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated and why?
The solution is supersaturated because at 50 degrees Celsius, 84g of potassium nitrate should only be able to be dissolved in 100g of water, since the above solution dissolves 16 more grams of solute/100g of water, the solution is supersaturated.
500
Approximately 0.0043 grams of oxygen can be dissolved in 100 mL of water bat 20 degrees Celsius. Express this in terms of parts per million.
Parts per million (ppm)= grams of solute/ mass of whole x 1,000,000= .0043 grams/ 100.0043 x 1,000,000= 42.998 ppm or parts per million
500
Which substance would change the freezing point/ boiling point the most? A 2LiBr B MgCl2 C 3CH3OH D F2
Answer A: 2LiBr because 2LiBr= 2Li+2Br= 4 moles
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