Chemistry Midterm Review

Classifying Matter

100

What are the two criteria for anything to be made of matter?

Has mass and takes up space (volume)

200

What is the definition of mass? 

The amount of matter, or stuff, inside of an object. 

300

Describe the difference between a heterogeneous mixture and a homogeneous mixture.

Homogeneous- Same throughout, evenly mixed. 

Heterogeneous- Different throughout, not evenly mixed.

400

Classify the following as an element, compound, or mixture:

Pure Water

Iron 

Milk

Pure water: compound

Iron: element

Milk: mixture

500

List the three main states of matter and describe each in terms of volume and shape (definite or indefinite). 

Solids- definite shape and volume 

Liquids- definite volume, indefinite shape

Gas- indefinite shape and volume. 

Physical vs. Chemical Changes

100

Define physical change. 

A change that does not result in a new substance and does not change the identity of the original substance. 

200

Define chemical change.

A change that results in a new substance and changes the identity of the original substance.

300

Is melting physical or chemical?

Physical 

400

Is burning physical or chemical?

Chemical 

500

Is something dissolving in water physical or chemical?

Physical 

The Periodic Table

100

What are the vertical columns called? 

Groups 

200

What are the horizontal rows called? 

Periods

300

List one property of metals. 

Malleable, ductile, or good conductors.

400

What is the name of the family in group 18? Name one key property about them. 

Noble gases, they are nonreactive. 

500

Describe the periodic table/valence electron trend. 

Groups number relates to number of valence electrons. 

2=2

13=3

14=4 etc. 

Atoms/Moles

100

What is mass number equal to? 

protons plus neutrons

200

How many atoms are in one mole of any substance? 

6.02 x 10²³

300

Calculate the molar mass of NaCl 

55.44 g/mol

400

Convert 4 moles of a substance to atoms. 

2 x 10²⁴ atoms

500

Convert 140 grams of a substance to moles (the molar mass is 70 g/mol)

2.0 moles

Electrons

100

List the maximum number of electrons that can fit into each type of orbital (s, p...) 

s-2

p-6

d-10

f-14

200

What principle states that electrons must fit into lower energy orbitals first? 

Aufbau 

300

Write the full configuration for Br. 

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁵

400

What is the difference between the ground state and the excited state? 

Ground state is low energy, excited state is high energy. 

500

Write the abbreviated configuration for Bi and state how many valence electrons it has. 

[Xe] 6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6p³

5 valence electrons