Energy
ability to do work or produce heat
study of heat changes that accompany chemical reactions and phase changes
What is thermochemistry?
a balanced chemical equation that includes the physical states of all reactants and products and the energy change
What is thermochemical equation?
a physical or chemical change that occurs without outside intervention
What is spontaneous process?
molecules must collide in order to react
Energy may change from one form to another but its never created or destroyed
What is law of conservation of energy?
Heat content of a substance at a constant pressure
What is enthalpy?
the energy change for the complete burning of one mole of a give substance
enthalpy of combustion
a measure of the number of possible ways the energy of a system can be distributed
relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction at a given temperature and the concentration of reactants
energy stored in a substance because of its substance
What is chemical potential energy?
you cannot measure the actual enthalpy of substance but you can measure the _____________in enthalpy
What is change?
the amount of heat required to vaporize one mole of liquid
What is molar enthalpy of vaporization?
spontaneous processes always proceed in a way that the entropy of the universe increases
how the rate is affected by the concentration of that reactant
What is reaction order?
form of energy that travels from warmer objects to cooler objects
the change in enthalpy is ______________ for exothermic reactions because they lose heat
What is negative?
the amount of heat required to melt one mole of a solid substance
What is molar enthalpy of fusion?
solid molecules have _________movement
liquid molecules have ___________ movement
gase molecules have _____________movement
what is limited
what is some
what is a lot
factors that affect reaction rates
What is temperature, concentration, surface area?
amount of heat required to raise the temp of one gram of a substance by one degree
What is specific heat?
endothermic reactions _________heat so the change in enthalpy would be ________________
What is gain and what is positive?
When solving for energy released in a reaction, you convert grams to ___________ and then multiply by _____________.
What is moles? What is enthalpy?
a spontaneous reaction is ________________
a nonspontaneous reaction is _____________
what is positive?
determines the reaction order by comparing the initial rates of a reaction carried out without varying reactant concentrations