Carbohydrates
What are the main functions of carbohydrates in the body?
Energy storage, energy transport, and structural support
What type of bonds are the most prevalent in lipids, and are they high or low energy?
C-H bonds; high energy
What two groups are always present on the amino acids of a protein?
Amine group and a carboxylic acid
What molecule is a double-stranded helix?
DNA
What percentage of living biomass of plants makes up all of Earth's biomass?
82%
What process links two sugars together to make a disaccharide or polysaccharide?
Dehydration synthesis
What part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic, and which is hydrophilic?
Hydrophilic head
Hydrophobic tails
What are the bonds between amino acids called?
Peptide bonds
What are the three necessities to make a nucleic acid?
- phosphate group
- sugar (5-carbon)
- nitrogenous base
What is bioprospecting?
What disaccharide is known as table sugar and comes from sugar beets?
Sucrose
What makes a fat unsaturated? Is this healthy or unhealthy?
If there is a carbon double bond present in the tail. Unsaturated is the "healthy" kind of fat.
What is the largest known protein and what is it used in?
Titin; used in muscle cells as a molecular spring
What is the building blocks or nucleic acids? What do we use to represent them?
Nucleotides; A,C,G,T,U
What can Foxglove be used for?
A heart medication - can strengthen the contraction of heart tissue
What carbohydrate is granular in form and what one is linear in form?
Starch; cellulose
How long are fatty acid tails usually? What do we call the last carbon on the chain?
Between 16-18 carbons long; the omega carbon
What molecule acts as the blueprint for proteins to be created?
DNA
Where can DNA be found in the cell?
Nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
Why is Nootkatone an important discovery?
It's a naturaln chemical that will repel ticks, mosquitoes, and prevent many insect-borne diseases
What types of organisms can digest cellulose?
Fungi and bacteria
Why is it important that the phospholipid has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties?
It makes the membrane very selective on what can leave and enter the cell
How many different amino acids are there, and what on each molecule makes them different?
20 different; the R group distinguishes them
What are the four main functions of nucleic acids?
Information storage, protein synthesis, gene regulation, and energy transfer
What vaccine have people gotten that contain QS-21 (Soapbark tree)?
The Covid-19 vaccine