Random!
What is the molecule that our body primarily catabolizes to produce ATP?
Glucose
List the four major macromolecules.
Carbohydrates (sugars), Lipids (fats), Proteins (Amino Acids), Nucleotides (nucleic acids)
What are the three particles found in an atom?
Neutrons, Protons, and Electrons
What is the function of the Nucleus?
House DNA and protect it. Allows DNA to replicate and assists in the process of transcription via proteins housed inside of it.
Uncontrollable growth of cells or tissues is called:
Cancer
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton and the cytoplasm and how do they contribute to the cell?
To provide structure to the cell and ensure that all organelles are kept where they should. It also allows a network of connections to facilitate movement of various structures or substances.
The general composition of carbohydrates includes the following elements:
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
The nucleus of an ATOM houses the following two particles.
Neutrons and Protons
The mitochondria is the:
"Powerhouse of the Cell!"
A tumor is:
An accumulation of cells within an organ or tissue.
How does going away from homeostasis lead to pathology/disease? Give an example
Homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium that ensures that we maintain a level of stability (depending on the functions necessary). Going away from homeostasis alters the functional system and damage to tissues or the organism can result.
Fever - denaturing proteins if too high - death.
The general composition of amino acids (protein components) includes the following elements:
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur (CHONPS)
This particle defines an atom.
Protons
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
Protect the cell and separate the internal and external environments. It selectively chooses what can go in and what can come out via transport proteins.
What does it mean when cancer is MALIGNANT?
Malignant cancer refers to an uncontrollable growth of cells that can also METASTASIZE or travel to other parts of the body. This is very dangerous as tumors can develop in many areas that may be vital to our survival, and thus impact our homeostasis or viability.
Ribosomes are primarily responsible for creating the following:
Proteins
The general composition of fats includes the following elements:
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, (can have phosphorus such as in the case of Phospho-Lipids)
An isotope is an element that varies in their:
Neutrons
How do lysosomes and peroxisomes help a cell?
They help digest waste in the cell or they help protect the cell by combining with things that should not be in the cell (pathogens such as bacteria).
Cells that go through _______ create exact copies of themselves such as skin cells. Cells that go through ______ create genetically diverse haploid cells known as ______________ and __________.
1 Mitosis - 2 Meiosis - Sperm / Eggs
Central Dogma refers to:
The conversion of DNA to RNA to proteins.
(DNA holds the blueprints/code for our organism - DNA is transcribed to RNA, RNA is translated to proteins)
Which simple macromolecule is hydrophobic (doesn't like water) and which simple macromolecule is hydrophilic (likes water / water soluble)?
Carbohydrates - hydrophilic
Lipids - hydrophobic unless it's modified (phospholipid)
Define an Ionic Bond. Define a covalent bond. Explain how they differ in the way their electrons interact.
Ionic Bonds - Metals and Non-metals interact and give/take electrons to/from the other atom. Electrons are "given/taken".
Covalent Bonds - atoms share electrons. (equally or unequally - partial charges)
The golgi apparatus's primary function is to:
Package and transport proteins, hormones, or other macromolecules to other parts of the cell or to other cells. Think of this organelle as the "Amazon" of the cell.
This process ensures that cells self-destruct when a mutation or change has occurred. When cells don't go through this process as they should, cancer/tumors will more than likely develop:
Apoptosis